Evolutionary dynamics of genome size and transposable elements in crickets (Ensifera: Gryllidea)

IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Xuan Jing, Xuan-Zeng Liu, Hao Yuan, Ying Dai, Yan-Na Zheng, Li-Na Zhao, Li-Bin Ma, Yuan Huang
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Abstract

Orthoptera species are characterised by their expansive genomes. However, crickets, the third largest group of this order, have notably smaller genomes than grasshoppers or katydids. The evolutionary drivers behind these differences in genome size (GS) remain largely uncharted. In our study involving 56 cricket species, we assessed GS using flow cytometry and assembled 43 novel mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetic analysis. Model fitting indicated that GS generally conformed to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck adaptive evolutionary model, displaying a 5.1-fold range of variation in GS, from 0.82 pg in Myrmecophilus quadrispina Perkins to 4.68 pg in Ornebius formosanus Shiraki. Remarkably, despite such variations, no significant trends in genome contraction or expansion were detected, suggesting an adaptive stabilisation. We found strong evidence that expansions of repeat elements, particularly transposable elements (TEs), are key drivers of the large GS in crickets. Across the 56 cricket species analysed, TE content exhibited substantial variability, spanning from a mere 3.63% to a pronounced 31.22%. Clades exhibiting significant GS or TE variations, such as mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), ant-loving crickets (Myrmecophilidae) and scaly crickets (Mogoplistidae), are often observed at basal phylogenetic nodes and exhibit distinct ecological niches and morphological divergences. This implies that cricket genomes undergo early mutations and stabilise throughout evolution. Our findings shed light on common patterns and uncover lineage-specific differences in content and evolution of TEs in crickets. We anticipate that our study will provide a foundation for future comparative research on the insect TE repertoire.

蟋蟀(Ensifera: Gryllidea)基因组大小和转座元件的进化动态
直翅目物种的特点是基因组庞大。然而,作为直翅目第三大类群的蟋蟀,其基因组却明显小于蚱蜢或蝈蝈。基因组大小(GS)差异背后的进化驱动因素在很大程度上仍是未知数。在涉及 56 个蟋蟀物种的研究中,我们使用流式细胞仪评估了 GS,并组装了 43 个新的线粒体基因组进行系统进化分析。模型拟合表明,GS总体上符合奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克适应性进化模型,GS的变化范围为5.1倍,从Myrmecophilus quadrispina Perkins的0.82 pg到Ornebius formosanus Shiraki的4.68 pg。值得注意的是,尽管存在这样的变化,却没有发现基因组收缩或扩张的显著趋势,这表明基因组在适应性上趋于稳定。我们发现了强有力的证据,表明重复元素,特别是转座元素(TE)的扩展是蟋蟀大型基因组的主要驱动因素。在所分析的 56 个蟋蟀物种中,TE 含量表现出很大的差异,从仅占 3.63% 到高达 31.22%。蝼蛄科(Gryllotalpidae)、嗜蚁蟋蟀科(Myrmecophilidae)和鳞蟋蟀科(Mogoplistidae)等表现出显著 GS 或 TE 变异的支系往往处于系统发育的基本节点,并表现出独特的生态位和形态差异。这意味着蟋蟀基因组经历了早期突变,并在整个进化过程中保持稳定。我们的研究结果揭示了蟋蟀中 TEs 的共同模式,并发现了蟋蟀中 TEs 在含量和进化方面的特定世系差异。我们预计,我们的研究将为未来昆虫毒性基因组的比较研究奠定基础。
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来源期刊
Systematic Entomology
Systematic Entomology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Systematic Entomology publishes original papers on insect systematics, phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy, with a preference for general interest papers of broad biological, evolutionary or zoogeographical relevance.
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