Fire Seasonality and Herbicide Effects on Sarcobatus vermiculatus Survival and Structure in Western Great Plains

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Nathan M. Wade , Lance T. Vermeire , J. Derek Scasta
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus Hook., Torr) is a native halophytic, resprouting shrub found on saline rangeland soils in the western United States, including the western Great Plains grasslands. Stands can become dense, with limited native herbaceous biomass, and are prone to invasion by exotic species. We tested fall and spring prescribed fire compared with nonburned controls in a degraded rangeland site near Miles City, Montana, and a healthy rangeland site near Laramie, Wyoming to determine effects on greasewood shrub survival, density, and canopy structure. We additionally tested fuel load, time since fire, fire seasonality and prefire measurement effects on postfire greasewood canopy structure. In a second experiment at the Montana site only, nontreated controls, fall fire, 2,4-D, and 2,4-D preceded by fire were tested for effects on herbaceous biomass and greasewood survival, density, and canopy structure. Fire did not affect greasewood survival, but fire in either season reduced canopy volume by 52% across two growing seasons and models projected four or five growing seasons for structural recovery. Fine fuel load was negatively related to greasewood density and canopy structure. Herbicide reduced greasewood survival by 55%, and fire plus herbicide reduced survival by 30%. No treatment effects were detected for herbaceous biomass at the degraded site. Prescribed fire can reduce greasewood canopy structure for multiple years without killing the shrubs. Herbicide is more effective than fire if the objective is to reduce greasewood density, but multiple applications may be required. While 2,4-D herbicide was less effective when applied to resprouts after fire, results may improve with later postfire application. Although 2,4-D provided the greatest reduction of greasewood, skeletons of dead shrubs remained. Following herbicide treatment with fire could be a treatment combination to strategically reduce greasewood influence because fire would remove skeletons and further reduce canopy structure.

火灾季节性和除草剂对西部大平原 Sarcobatus vermiculatus 生存和结构的影响
黑油木(Sarcobatus vermiculatus Hook.,Torr)是一种原生的盐生再生灌木,生长在美国西部的盐碱牧场土壤上,包括西部大平原草原。这种灌木会变得很茂密,本地草本生物量有限,很容易受到外来物种的入侵。我们在蒙大拿州迈尔斯城附近一处退化的牧场和怀俄明州拉莱米附近一处健康的牧场进行了秋季和春季处方火与非燃烧对照试验,以确定对油松灌木存活率、密度和树冠结构的影响。此外,我们还测试了燃料负荷、火灾发生时间、火灾季节性和火灾前测量对火灾后油松树冠结构的影响。在蒙大拿州的第二个实验点,我们测试了未处理的对照组、秋季火灾、2,4-D 和火灾前使用 2,4-D 对草本生物量和油松存活率、密度和树冠结构的影响。火灾没有影响油松的存活率,但在两个生长季中,任何一个季节的火灾都会使树冠体积减少 52%,模型预测结构恢复需要四或五个生长季。细燃料负荷与油松密度和树冠结构呈负相关。除草剂使油松的存活率降低了 55%,火灾加除草剂使存活率降低了 30%。退化地点的草本生物量未发现任何处理效果。明火可以在不杀死灌木的情况下连续多年减少油松的树冠结构。如果目的是降低油松密度,除草剂比火烧更有效,但可能需要多次施用。虽然 2,4-D 除草剂在火灾后施用于新生灌木时效果较差,但在火灾后施用效果可能会有所改善。虽然 2,4-D 能最大程度地减少油松,但枯死灌木的骨架依然存在。在使用除草剂后再用火烧,可以从战略上减少油松的影响,因为火烧会清除骨架并进一步减少树冠结构。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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