The Molecular Breakthroughs in mRNA Biology and Pharmacology that Paved Progress to Develop Effective mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19.

Jaime Garcia-Heras
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Abstract

Objectives: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2023 awarded to Dr. Katalin Karikó and Dr. Drew Weissman recognized their seminal discoveries in nucleoside modifications of messenger RNA that were pivotal to developing the first mRNA vaccines for clinical use in humans. These novel vaccines were key for prophylactic control of a pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that emerged abruptly in late 2019/early 2020. This breakthrough capped years of previous research in coronaviruses that included SARS- CoV and MERS-CoV associated with earlier human outbreaks, developments of more efficient formulations to deliver nucleic acids in vivo, and applications of a novel mRNA technology to generate a new generation of better vaccines cost-effectively. Such successful outcomes herald a wide range of advances with this highly adaptable mRNA technology. These include vaccines against existing infectious agents of medical significance but also emerging pathogens, cancer immunotherapies, and protein-replacement therapies, while at the same time, other uses are also under active investigation.

mRNA 生物学和药理学的分子突破为开发有效的 mRNA 抗 COVID-19 疫苗铺平了道路。
目标:2023 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予卡塔林-卡里科(Katalin Karikó)博士和德鲁-魏斯曼(Drew Weissman)博士,以表彰他们在信使 RNA 核苷修饰方面的开创性发现,这些发现对于开发首批用于人类临床的 mRNA 疫苗至关重要。这些新型疫苗是预防性控制 2019 年底/2020 年初突然出现的新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起的大流行的关键。这一突破总结了多年来对冠状病毒的研究,其中包括与早期人类疫情爆发有关的 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV,开发了更高效的核酸体内递送制剂,以及应用新型 mRNA 技术以经济高效的方式生产出新一代更好的疫苗。这些成功的成果预示着这种适应性极强的 mRNA 技术将取得广泛的进展。其中包括针对现有医学意义上的传染性病原体的疫苗,以及新出现的病原体、癌症免疫疗法和蛋白质替代疗法,同时,其他用途也在积极研究之中。
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