Long-term differences in population structure, body size and distribution patterns of amphipods and isopods in wetlands with declining hydroperiods

IF 2.8 2区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY
H. E. Emery-Butcher, S. J. Beatty, B. J. Robson
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Abstract

Abstract Image

水文周期下降的湿地中两足类和等足类种群结构、体型和分布模式的长期差异
在许多地区,气候干燥正在缩短水文周期,淡水生物多样性正在减少。据预测,缺乏抗干燥生命阶段的水生物种在干燥气候下的存活能力最弱,但这类物种可能出现在间歇性水体中。我们研究了澳大利亚西南部天鹅海岸平原湿地严重气候干燥开始前后两种缺乏抗干燥生命阶段的甲壳类物种的分布情况:等足类 Paramphisopus palustris 和两足类 Chiltoniidae sp.nov.。这些物种的历史分布数据来自1989-1990年对同一组湿地的研究。我们确定了 1989-1990 年至 2018-2019 年期间这两种生物在不同水文条件(多年生、半多年生、季节性)下的种群数量或体型是否存在差异。2018-2019 年,我们在 42 个湿地对片脚类动物、等足类动物和环境变量进行了采样。33 块湿地(22 块为多年生湿地,11 块为季节性湿地)在两个时间段内保持了相同的水文机制,1989-1990 年为多年生湿地的 8 块湿地到 2018-2019 年已转为较干燥的水文机制(4 块变为半多年生湿地,4 块变为季节性湿地)。干燥的湿地水文系统并不对应于两种物种更有限的空间分布。虽然 2018-2019 年的丰度低于 1989-1990 年,但水文机制对片脚类动物的数量没有影响。2018-2019年,在季节性湿地中,雄性片脚类动物比雌性大,但在常年性湿地中,两性片脚类动物大小相同,而在半常年性湿地中,雌性片脚类动物比雄性大。此外,在半多年生湿地中,雌雄片脚类动物的体型都比季节性或多年生湿地中的小得多。等足类动物的分布在两个取样期有所不同,其种群主要从保持多年生的湿地中消失。造成这一意外结果的原因可能是多年生浅水湿地夏秋水温长期偏高和分层,导致底层水缺氧,表层水温度过高,不利于等脚类动物生长。相比之下,干燥的季节性湿地似乎在夏秋季提供了合适的栖息地。不同水文系统或性别之间的等足类动物头部和体长平均值没有差异,但在1989-1990年和2018-2019年之间体长变小(1989年平均体长为15毫米,2018-2019年为8.3毫米;1989-1990年最大体长为17毫米,2018-2019年为13.2毫米)。干燥的水文系统没有造成种群损失,这表明目前的干燥程度在这两个物种的耐受范围之内。然而,气温升高可能会导致等足类动物的体型(可能还有繁殖力)下降。随着全球变暖,许多地区的湿地水文周期持续缩短,许多物种将难以完成其生命周期,导致灭绝。我们的研究结果表明,气候变化还可能导致多年生湿地的条件超出缺乏抗干燥特性的物种的耐受力。这就强调了需要更好地了解湿地沿干燥轨迹的环境和栖息地变化,以及使缺乏抗干燥性的水生无脊椎动物得以生存的基本生活史和生理特征。这不仅包括物种对干燥的反应,还包括对全球变暖引起的其他压力因素(如长期分层)的反应。
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来源期刊
Freshwater Biology
Freshwater Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
3.70%
发文量
162
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Freshwater Biology publishes papers on all aspects of the ecology of inland waters, including rivers and lakes, ground waters, flood plains and other freshwater wetlands. We include studies of micro-organisms, algae, macrophytes, invertebrates, fish and other vertebrates, as well as those concerning whole systems and related physical and chemical aspects of the environment, provided that they have clear biological relevance. Studies may focus at any level in the ecological hierarchy from physiological ecology and animal behaviour, through population dynamics and evolutionary genetics, to community interactions, biogeography and ecosystem functioning. They may also be at any scale: from microhabitat to landscape, and continental to global. Preference is given to research, whether meta-analytical, experimental, theoretical or descriptive, highlighting causal (ecological) mechanisms from which clearly stated hypotheses are derived. Manuscripts with an experimental or conceptual flavour are particularly welcome, as are those or which integrate laboratory and field work, and studies from less well researched areas of the world. Priority is given to submissions that are likely to interest a wide range of readers. We encourage submission of papers well grounded in ecological theory that deal with issues related to the conservation and management of inland waters. Papers interpreting fundamental research in a way that makes clear its applied, strategic or socio-economic relevance are also welcome. Review articles (FRESHWATER BIOLOGY REVIEWS) and discussion papers (OPINION) are also invited: these enable authors to publish high-quality material outside the constraints of standard research papers.
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