Re-framing the importance of Group B Streptococcus as a gut-resident pathobiont.

IF 2.9 3区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY
Infection and Immunity Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI:10.1128/iai.00478-23
Joie Ling, Andrew J Hryckowian
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Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.

重新认识 B 群链球菌作为肠道常驻病原体的重要性。
无乳链球菌(B 组链球菌,GBS)是一种革兰氏阳性细菌,在人的一生中都会致病。虽然抗生素被用来减轻 GBS 感染,但抗生素显然会破坏人类微生物组(这可能使人在以后的生活中容易患上其他疾病),而且 GBS 的抗生素耐药性正在上升。综上所述,抗生素的这些意外负面影响凸显了采用精确方法将 GBS 疾病降至最低的必要性。其中一种可行的方法是在 GBS 在其他身体部位致病或传播给高危人群之前,有选择性地消灭其共生位点中的 GBS。一个未被充分研究的 GBS 共生位点是成人胃肠道(GI),这可能会导致 GBS 在高危人群的其他身体部位定植。然而,在开发精确的消化道去殖民化方法之前,需要更好地了解决定 GBS 消化道携带的宿主、微生物组和 GBS 决定性变量。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前关于 GBS 作为病原体和共生菌所占据的不同身体部位的知识。我们总结了 GBS 在不同宿主相关壁龛中定植的关键分子因素,为今后研究 GBS 在消化道中的作用提供参考。我们还讨论了在身体其他部位具有致病性的其他消化道共生菌,以强调精确的去定植方法在减轻 GBS 和其他细菌病原体感染方面的广泛用途。最后,我们强调了如何通过以消化道为重点的持续研究来更全面地了解 GBS,从而改进 GBS 的治疗方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Infection and Immunity
Infection and Immunity 医学-传染病学
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
6.50%
发文量
268
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Infection and Immunity (IAI) provides new insights into the interactions between bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens and their hosts. Specific areas of interest include mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis, virulence factors, cellular microbiology, experimental models of infection, host resistance or susceptibility, and the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses. IAI also welcomes studies of the microbiome relating to host-pathogen interactions.
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