Dactylorhiza maculata agg. (Orchidaceae) in Central Europe: Intricate Patterns in Morphological Variability, Cytotype Diversity and Ecology Support the Single-Species Concept
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Effective protection of endangered species is often limited by taxonomic discrepancies across state borders. This is also the case of the Dactylorhiza maculata agg. in Central Europe, where one to three species and several infraspecific taxa are recognized in various countries. Based on an extensive analysis of morphological variation, ploidy levels, environmental traits and habitats of 64 populations in Central Europe and adjacent regions, we aimed to propose a unified taxonomic concept applicable throughout the study area. Multivariate analysis of morphological traits revealed continuous variation at the individual level and only minor differences between particular clusters of populations. Four DNA-ploidy levels were detected using flow cytometry. Diploids (2n = 40) and tetraploids (2n = 80) were the most abundant and usually formed single-cytotype populations whereas DNA-triploids and DNA-hexaploids occurred only sporadically as minority cytotypes. The inferred patterns of morphological and ploidy variation were not congruent with traditional taxonomic treatment regarding diploid D. fuchsii and tetraploid D. maculata as two species with several infraspecific taxa. Instead, all taxa analysed in the current study are best treated at the subspecies level within D. maculata s. lat. due to somewhat continuous morphological variation between morphotypes. A total of eight D. maculata subspecies may be recognized in Central Europe, of which one is newly described here as D. maculata subsp. arcana, subsp. nov. Some nomenclatural riddles have been resolved, and the threat status of the recognized taxa is discussed.
摘要 对濒危物种的有效保护往往受到跨国界分类差异的限制。中欧的 Dactylorhiza maculata agg.也是这种情况，在不同国家有 1 到 3 个种和几个种下类群。基于对中欧及邻近地区 64 个种群的形态变异、倍性水平、环境特征和栖息地的广泛分析，我们旨在提出一个适用于整个研究区域的统一分类概念。形态特征的多变量分析表明，在个体水平上存在连续变异，而在特定种群集群之间仅存在微小差异。使用流式细胞仪检测到了四种 DNA 倍性水平。二倍体（2n = 40）和四倍体（2n = 80）数量最多，通常形成单一细胞型种群，而 DNA 三倍体和 DNA 六倍体仅作为少数细胞型零星出现。推断出的形态和倍性变异模式与传统的分类方法并不一致，传统的分类方法认为二倍体 D. fuchsii 和四倍体 D. maculata 是两个物种，有多个种下类群。相反，本研究分析的所有分类群最好在 D. maculata s. lat.在中欧，总共有 8 个 D. maculata 亚种，其中一个新描述为 D. maculata subsp.其中一个亚种被新描述为 D. maculata subsp.
期刊介绍：
The journal Folia Geobotanica publishes articles in vegetation science, plant ecology and plant systematics, including the topics of temporal community patterns, population and ecosystem ecology, and invasion and conservation ecology. Within the field of plant systematics, Folia Geobotanica welcomes papers on systematic and evolutionary botany, including phylogenetic reconstructions, phylogeographic and biogeographic inferences, studies of microevolutionary processes, taxonomic studies, and broader taxonomic revisions.
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