Quasinormal modes and isospectrality of Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter black holes* * Supported by the the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2022JJ40262), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12375046, 12205254)

Abstract

Black holes (BHs) exhibiting coordinate singularities but lacking essential singularities throughout the spacetime are referred to as regular black holes (RBHs). The initial formulation of RBHs was presented by Bardeen, who considered the Einstein equation coupled with a nonlinear electromagnetic field. In this study, we investigate the gravitational perturbations, including the axial and polar sectors, of the Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter black holes. We derive the master equations with source terms for both axial and polar perturbations and subsequently compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) through numerical methods. For the Bardeen de Sitter black hole, we employ the 6th-order WKB approach. The numerical results reveal that the isospectrality is broken in this case. Conversely, the QNM frequencies are calculated using the HH method for the Bardeen Anti-de Sitter black hole.