Unravelling the Oral-Gut Axis: Interconnection Between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Current Challenges, and Future Perspective.

Himanshi Tanwar, Jeba Mercy Gnanasekaran, Devon Allison, Ling-Shiang Chuang, Xuesong He, Mario Aimetti, Giacomo Baima, Massimo Costalonga, Raymond K Cross, Cynthia Sears, Saurabh Mehandru, Judy Cho, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Jean-Pierre Raufman, Vivek Thumbigere-Math
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Abstract

As the opposite ends of the orodigestive tract, the oral cavity and the intestine share anatomical, microbial, and immunological ties that have bidirectional health implications. A growing body of evidence suggests an interconnection between oral pathologies and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an 'oral-gut' axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis and other oral conditions in IBD patients and vice versa. We present an in-depth examination of the interconnection between oral pathologies and IBD, highlighting the shared microbiological and immunological pathways, and proposing a 'multi-hit' hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-mediated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical need for a collaborative approach between dentists and gastroenterologists to provide holistic oral-systemic healthcare.

解读口腔-肠道轴:牙周炎与 IBD 之间的相互联系、当前挑战和未来展望。
作为口腔消化道的两端,口腔和肠道在解剖学、微生物学和免疫学方面有着共同的联系,对健康有着双向的影响。越来越多的证据表明,口腔病变与炎症性肠病(IBD)之间存在相互联系,这意味着传统的独立疾病概念已转变为复杂的相互循环。本综述概述了支持 "口腔-肠道 "轴的证据,其特点是 IBD 患者的牙周炎和其他口腔疾病发病率较高,反之亦然。我们深入探讨了口腔病变与 IBD 之间的相互联系,强调了共同的微生物和免疫学途径,并提出了牙周炎介导的肠道炎症发病机制中的 "多重打击 "假说。此外,这篇综述还强调了牙科医生和肠胃病学家合作提供口腔-系统整体医疗保健的迫切需要。
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