{"title":"[Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in dogs: Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory diagnostic data].","authors":"Anna Frommeyer, Reinhard Mischke","doi":"10.1055/a-2226-4348","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this retrospective study, patient records of dogs suffering from poisoning with coumarin derivatives were evaluated to characterize the clinical appearance more precisely.</p><p><strong>Material und methods: </strong>Retrospective data analysis included 52 dogs with hemostaseologically proven anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning which were treated as inpatients at the Clinic for Small Animals between September 2011 and October 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In only 2 dogs (4%) the intake of poison could be observed with certainty. The most common clinical signs observed were reduced general behavior (79%), pallor of the mucosa (79%), anorexia (60%), and dyspnea/tachypnea (60%). In contrast, macroscopically visible internal and external bleedings occurred less frequently. Initially, all cases showed a highly altered prothrombin time and most patients a considerably prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Anemia was present in 75% of patients. All dogs included in the study received initially an intravenous treatment with 10 mg/kg vitamin K<sub>1</sub>. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg prednisolone was given for prophylaxis of possible incompatibility reactions. No patient showed signs of anaphylactic reaction. Transfusions of whole blood or concentrated red cells were given to only 10 of the 52 animals; only one received 2 transfusions of erythrocytes. 94% of the animals could be discharged home for outpatient therapy after a median length of hospitalization of 3 days (1-9 days) with physiological or almost physiological coagulation test results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning is often associated with non-specific symptoms and good prognosis if treated adequately.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Coagulation diagnostics is always indicated in cases with unclear disorders. In life-threatening emergencies, immediate intravenous infusion of high-dose vitamin K<sub>1</sub> is a very effective treatment and results in a rapid increase in coagulation factor activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49434,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Kleintiere Heimtiere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Kleintiere Heimtiere","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2226-4348","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/2/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: In this retrospective study, patient records of dogs suffering from poisoning with coumarin derivatives were evaluated to characterize the clinical appearance more precisely.
Material und methods: Retrospective data analysis included 52 dogs with hemostaseologically proven anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning which were treated as inpatients at the Clinic for Small Animals between September 2011 and October 2018.
Results: In only 2 dogs (4%) the intake of poison could be observed with certainty. The most common clinical signs observed were reduced general behavior (79%), pallor of the mucosa (79%), anorexia (60%), and dyspnea/tachypnea (60%). In contrast, macroscopically visible internal and external bleedings occurred less frequently. Initially, all cases showed a highly altered prothrombin time and most patients a considerably prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Anemia was present in 75% of patients. All dogs included in the study received initially an intravenous treatment with 10 mg/kg vitamin K1. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg prednisolone was given for prophylaxis of possible incompatibility reactions. No patient showed signs of anaphylactic reaction. Transfusions of whole blood or concentrated red cells were given to only 10 of the 52 animals; only one received 2 transfusions of erythrocytes. 94% of the animals could be discharged home for outpatient therapy after a median length of hospitalization of 3 days (1-9 days) with physiological or almost physiological coagulation test results.
Conclusion: Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning is often associated with non-specific symptoms and good prognosis if treated adequately.
Clinical relevance: Coagulation diagnostics is always indicated in cases with unclear disorders. In life-threatening emergencies, immediate intravenous infusion of high-dose vitamin K1 is a very effective treatment and results in a rapid increase in coagulation factor activity.
期刊介绍：
Die Tierärztliche Praxis wendet sich mit ihren beiden Reihen als einzige veterinärmedizinische Fachzeitschrift explizit an den Großtier- bzw. Kleintierpraktiker und garantiert damit eine zielgruppengenaue Ansprache. Für den Spezialisten bietet sie Original- oder Übersichtsartikel zu neuen Therapie- und Operationsverfahren oder den Einsatz moderner bildgebender Verfahren. Der weniger spezialisierte Tierarzt oder Berufseinsteiger findet auf seinen Berufsalltag zugeschnittene praxisbezogene Beiträge in der Fortbildungsrubrik „Aus Studium und Praxis“. Mit dem hervorgehobenen „Fazit für die Praxis“ am Ende jedes Artikels verschafft sich auch der eilige Leser einen raschen Überblick über die wichtigsten Inhalte dieser modern konzipierten Fachzeitschrift mit den vielen hochwertigen, überwiegend farbigen Abbildungen. In jedem Heft ermöglicht ein ATF-anerkannter Fortbildungsartikel den Erwerb einer ATF-Stunde (Akademie für tierärztliche Fortbildung).
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