The Association of Allergy-Related and Non-Allergy-Related Olfactory Impairment with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Two Cross- Sectional Studies.

Current Alzheimer research Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2174/0115672050284179240215052257

Hui Chen, Yihong Ding, Liyan Huang, Wansi Zhong, Xiaojun Lin, Baoyue Zhang, Yan Zheng, Xin Xu, Min Lou, Changzheng Yuan

{"title":"The Association of Allergy-Related and Non-Allergy-Related Olfactory Impairment with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Two Cross- Sectional Studies.","authors":"Hui Chen, Yihong Ding, Liyan Huang, Wansi Zhong, Xiaojun Lin, Baoyue Zhang, Yan Zheng, Xin Xu, Min Lou, Changzheng Yuan","doi":"10.2174/0115672050284179240215052257","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence on the association of Olfactory Impairment (OI) with age-related cognitive decline is inconclusive, and the potential influence of allergy remains unclear.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of allergy-related and non-allergy- related OI to cognitive function.Methods: We included 2,499 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)-Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) sub-study and 1,086 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)-HCAP. The Olfactory Function Field Exam (OFFE) using Sniffin' Stick odor pens was used to objectively assess olfactory function and an olfactory score <6/11 indicated OI. Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used to assess global cognitive function and define cognitive impairment (<24/30). A neuropsychologic battery was used to assess five cognitive domains.Results: Compared to non-OI participants, individuals with OI had lower MMSE z-score [βHRS = -0.33, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.41 to -0.24; βELSA = -0.31, -0.43 to -0.18] and higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (Prevalence Ratio (PR)HRS = 1.46, 1.06 to 2.01; PRELSA = 1.63, 1.26 to 2.11). The associations were stronger for non-allergy-related OI (βHRS = -0.36; βELSA = -0.34) than for allergy-related OI (βHRS = -0.26; βELSA = 0.13). Similar associations were observed with domain- specific cognitive function measures.Conclusion: OI, particularly non-allergy-related OI, was related to poorer cognitive function in older adults. Although the current cross-sectional study is subject to several limitations, such as reverse causality and residual confounding, the findings will provide insights into the OI-cognition association and enlighten future attention to non-allergy-related OI for the prevention of potential cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"811-820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Alzheimer research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050284179240215052257","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Evidence on the association of Olfactory Impairment (OI) with age-related cognitive decline is inconclusive, and the potential influence of allergy remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of allergy-related and non-allergy- related OI to cognitive function.

Methods: We included 2,499 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)-Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) sub-study and 1,086 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)-HCAP. The Olfactory Function Field Exam (OFFE) using Sniffin' Stick odor pens was used to objectively assess olfactory function and an olfactory score <6/11 indicated OI. Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used to assess global cognitive function and define cognitive impairment (<24/30). A neuropsychologic battery was used to assess five cognitive domains.

Results: Compared to non-OI participants, individuals with OI had lower MMSE z-score [β_HRS = -0.33, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.41 to -0.24; β_ELSA = -0.31, -0.43 to -0.18] and higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (Prevalence Ratio (PR)HRS = 1.46, 1.06 to 2.01; PR_ELSA = 1.63, 1.26 to 2.11). The associations were stronger for non-allergy-related OI (β_HRS = -0.36; β_ELSA = -0.34) than for allergy-related OI (β_HRS = -0.26; β_ELSA = 0.13). Similar associations were observed with domain- specific cognitive function measures.

Conclusion: OI, particularly non-allergy-related OI, was related to poorer cognitive function in older adults. Although the current cross-sectional study is subject to several limitations, such as reverse causality and residual confounding, the findings will provide insights into the OI-cognition association and enlighten future attention to non-allergy-related OI for the prevention of potential cognitive impairment.

查看原文本刊更多论文

与过敏相关和非过敏相关的老年人嗅觉障碍与认知功能的关系：两项横断面研究

背景：嗅觉障碍（OI）与年龄相关的认知能力下降之间的关系尚无定论，过敏的潜在影响仍不明确：我们旨在评估与过敏相关和非过敏相关的 OI 与认知功能的横断面关联：我们纳入了健康与退休研究（HRS）--统一认知评估协议（HCAP）子研究的 2499 名参与者和英国老龄化纵向研究（ELSA）--HCAP 的 1086 名参与者。使用 Sniffin' Stick 气味笔进行嗅觉功能现场检查 (OFFE)，以客观评估嗅觉功能和嗅觉评分结果：与非 OI 参与者相比，OI 患者的 MMSE z 评分较低[βHRS = -0.33，95% 置信区间 (CI)：-0.41 至 -0.24；βELSA = -0.31，-0.43 至 -0.18]，认知障碍患病率较高[患病率比 (PR)HRS = 1.46，1.06 至 2.01；PRELSA = 1.63，1.26 至 2.11]。非过敏相关 OI 的相关性（βHRS = -0.36；βELSA = -0.34）强于过敏相关 OI（βHRS = -0.26；βELSA = 0.13）。在特定领域的认知功能测量中也观察到类似的关联：结论：OI，尤其是非过敏相关的 OI，与老年人较差的认知功能有关。尽管目前的横断面研究存在一些局限性，如反向因果关系和残余混杂因素，但研究结果将有助于深入了解OI与认知功能的关系，并启发人们今后关注非过敏相关OI，以预防潜在的认知功能损害。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Current Alzheimer research

自引率

0.00%

发文量