Impact of Age on Cognitive Testing Practice Effects and Cardiorespiratory Responses.

IF 2.1 Q3 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1177/23337214241234737
Priyanka M Reddy, Kulsum Abdali, Sarah E Ross, Sandra Davis, Robert T Mallet, Xiangrong Shi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that healthy aging attenuates cognitive practice effects and, consequently, limits the familiarity-associated reductions in heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (BF) responses during retesting. Methods: Twenty-one cognitively normal older and younger adults (65 ± 2 vs. 26 ± 1 years old) participated in the study. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit-Span-Test (DST), Trail Making Test (TMT-B), and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) were administered twice at 3-week intervals, while HR and BF were monitored by electrocardiography and plethysmography, respectively. Results: Cognitive performances were not affected by the age factor, and the retest factor only affected CVLT-II. HR and BF increased only in the younger adults (p < .01) during cognitive tests; retesting attenuated these responses (retest factor p < .01). Long-delay free-recall in CVLT-II was unchanged in cognitively normal older versus younger adults. Healthy aging did not diminish short-term memory assessed by DST and CVLT-II short-delay or long-delay free-recalls. Conclusions: Only CVLT-II, but not MMSE, DST or TMT-B, demonstrated cognitive retesting practice effects in the younger and older adults. Cognitive testing at 3-week intervals in cognitively normal older and younger subjects revealed divergent cardiorespiratory responses to MMSE, DST, and TMT-B cognitive testing, particularly HR, which increased only in younger adults and to a lesser extent during retesting despite the absence of practice effects.

年龄对认知测试练习效果和心肺反应的影响
研究目的本研究对以下假设进行了测试:健康老龄化会减弱认知练习效应,从而限制重测时与熟悉程度相关的心率(HR)和呼吸频率(BF)反应的降低。研究方法21 名认知正常的老年人和年轻人(65 ± 2 岁和 26 ± 1 岁)参加了研究。研究人员每隔三周对他们进行两次智力测验(MMSE)、数字跨度测试(DST)、寻迹测试(TMT-B)和加利福尼亚言语学习测试(CVLT-II),并分别通过心电图和胸透监测心率和呼吸频率。结果认知能力不受年龄因素的影响,重测因素只影响 CVLT-II。只有较年轻的成年人心率和血压会升高(p p 结论):在年轻人和老年人中,只有 CVLT-II,而不是 MMSE、DST 或 TMT-B 显示出认知重测练习效应。对认知能力正常的老年人和年轻人进行的每隔 3 周一次的认知测试显示,他们对 MMSE、DST 和 TMT-B 认知测试的心肺反应各不相同,尤其是心率,尽管没有练习效应,但只有年轻人的心率会增加,而且在重测期间增加的程度较小。
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来源期刊
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Medicine-Geriatrics and Gerontology
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
3.70%
发文量
119
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (GGM) is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed open access journal where scholars from a variety of disciplines present their work focusing on the psychological, behavioral, social, and biological aspects of aging, and public health services and research related to aging. The journal addresses a wide variety of topics related to health services research in gerontology and geriatrics. GGM seeks to be one of the world’s premier Open Access outlets for gerontological academic research. As such, GGM does not limit content due to page budgets or thematic significance. Papers will be subjected to rigorous peer review but will be selected solely on the basis of whether the research is sound and deserves publication. By virtue of not restricting papers to a narrow discipline, GGM facilitates the discovery of the connections between papers.
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