{"title":"Fundamentals of the electrocardiogram and common cardiac arrhythmias","authors":"Zoi Kotsialou, Nikolaos Makris, Scott Gall","doi":"10.1016/j.mpaic.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral part of the diagnostic process for a wide variety of cardiac conditions. It consists of six limb and six precordial leads which record the electrical activity of the heart in the frontal and horizontal planes respectively. The standard ECG waves include the P wave which represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex generated by depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the T wave which reflects ventricular repolarization. According to the site of origin, cardiac arrhythmias can be classified as supraventricular or ventricular tachycardias. The most common supraventricular tachycardias are sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardias originate in the ventricles and can be potentially life-threatening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45856,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 219-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029923002709","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ANESTHESIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral part of the diagnostic process for a wide variety of cardiac conditions. It consists of six limb and six precordial leads which record the electrical activity of the heart in the frontal and horizontal planes respectively. The standard ECG waves include the P wave which represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex generated by depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the T wave which reflects ventricular repolarization. According to the site of origin, cardiac arrhythmias can be classified as supraventricular or ventricular tachycardias. The most common supraventricular tachycardias are sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardias originate in the ventricles and can be potentially life-threatening.
心电图（ECG）是各种心脏疾病诊断过程中不可或缺的一部分。它由六条肢导联和六条心前区导联组成，分别记录心脏在额面和水平面上的电活动。标准心电图波包括代表心房去极化的 P 波、心室心肌去极化产生的 QRS 波群以及反映心室复极化的 T 波。根据起源部位，心律失常可分为室上性心动过速和室性心动过速。最常见的室上性心动过速包括窦性心动过速、房性心动过速、房室结再电位心动过速、房室再电位心动过速、心房扑动和心房颤动。室性心动过速起源于心室，有可能危及生命。
期刊介绍：
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, an invaluable source of up-to-date information, with the curriculum of both the Primary and Final FRCA examinations covered over a three-year cycle. Published monthly this ever-updating text book will be an invaluable source for both trainee and experienced anaesthetists. The enthusiastic editorial board, under the guidance of two eminent and experienced series editors, ensures Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine covers all the key topics in a comprehensive and authoritative manner. Articles now include learning objectives and eash issue features MCQs, facilitating self-directed learning and enabling readers at all levels to test their knowledge. Each issue is divided between basic scientific and clinical sections. The basic science articles include anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, physics and clinical measurement, while the clinical sections cover anaesthetic agents and techniques, assessment and perioperative management. Further sections cover audit, trials, statistics, ethical and legal medicine, and the management of acute and chronic pain.
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