Serum Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta are Decreased in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at the Time of Hospitalization

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2024.11800

Tran Thi Huyen, Pham Thi Minh Phuong, Pham Thi Lan, Ley Huyen My, Nguyen Thi Ha Vinh, L. H. Doanh

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Some immunological and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, including tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-17. IL-1β is one of the most prominent cytokines associated with the innate immune response. AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the serum level of IL-1β in SJS/TEN and the relation between it and the progress of SJS/TEN. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, in Hanoi, Vietnam, from October 2017 to September 2019. 48 SJS/TEN patients, 43 erythema multiforme (EM) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) participated. IL-1β levels were measured using the fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (ProcartaPlex Immunoassay Panels kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare serum IL-1β levels. The Wilcoxon tests were used to compare quantitative variables before and after the treatment. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: 19 SJS patients (39.5%) and 29 TEN patients (60.5%) participated in our study. The mean age was 49.3 years; the range was 19–77 years (47.9% males; 52.1% females). The most common causative drugs were traditional medicine (29.1%), carbamazepine (12.5%), and allopurinol (12.5%). On the day of hospitalization, the mean serum level of IL-1β of the SJS/TEN group was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/mL, ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 447 pg/mL. This level was significantly lower than that of the HCs group (p < 0.001) but not lower than that of the EM group. The mean serum level of IL-1β in the SJS/TEN patients on the day of hospitalization was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/ml, higher than that on the day of re-epithelialization (1.9 ± 5.6 pg/mL) and the difference was statistically significant with p < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Serum IL-1β level in SJS/TEN patients is lower than in HCs. It is not a good biomarker to differentiate SJS/TEN from EM.

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史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死症患者住院时血清中白细胞介素-1β水平降低

背景：史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征（SJS）和中毒性表皮坏死（TEN）是严重的皮肤药物不良反应。一些免疫和遗传因素被认为参与了该病的发病机制，其中包括肿瘤坏死因子-α、γ 干扰素和白细胞介素（IL）-17。IL-1β是与先天性免疫反应相关的最主要细胞因子之一。目的：该研究旨在评估SJS/TEN患者血清中IL-1β的水平及其与SJS/TEN进展之间的关系。方法：这是一项横断面描述性研究，于2017年10月至2019年9月在越南河内国家皮肤病与性病医院进行。48名SJS/TEN患者、43名多形红斑（EM）患者和20名健康对照组（HCs）参加了研究。采用荧光共价微珠免疫吸附测定法（ProcartaPlex Immunoassay Panels试剂盒，美国赛默飞世尔科技公司）测量IL-1β水平。血清 IL-1β 水平的比较采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验。Wilcoxon 检验用于比较治疗前后的定量变量。结果：19 名 SJS 患者（39.5%）和 29 名 TEN 患者（60.5%）参与了研究。平均年龄为 49.3 岁；年龄范围为 19-77 岁（47.9% 为男性；52.1% 为女性）。最常见的致病药物为传统药物（29.1%）、卡马西平（12.5%）和别嘌呤醇（12.5%）。住院当天，SJS/TEN 组血清中 IL-1β 的平均水平为 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/mL，范围在 0.5 pg/mL 至 447 pg/mL 之间。该水平明显低于 HCs 组（P < 0.001），但不低于 EM 组。SJS/TEN患者住院当天血清中IL-1β的平均水平为26.4 ± 81.7 pg/ml，高于再表皮化当天的水平（1.9 ± 5.6 pg/ml），差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。它不是区分SJS/TEN和EM的良好生物标志物。

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Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences Medicine-Medicine (all)

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1225

期刊介绍： Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) [formerly known as Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences] is a top-tier open access medical science journal published by the ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje, Rajko Zhinzifov No 48, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. OAMJMS is an international, modern, general medical journal covering all areas in the medical sciences, from basic studies to large clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses. We publish mostly human studies that substantially enhance our understanding of disease epidemiology, etiology, and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; trials that test the efficacy of specific interventions and those that compare different treatments; and systematic reviews. We aim to promote translation of basic research into clinical investigation, and of clinical evidence into practice. We publish occasional studies in animal models when they report outstanding research findings that are highly clinically relevant. Our audience is the international medical community as well as educators, policy makers, patient advocacy groups, and interested members of the public around the world. OAMJMS is published quarterly online version. The Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) publishes Medical Informatics, Basic Science, Clinical Science, Case Report, Brief Communication, Public Health, Public Policy, and Review Article from all fields of medicine and related fields. This journal also publishes, continuously or occasionally, the bibliographies of the members of the Society, medical history, medical publications, thesis abstracts, book reviews, reports on meetings, information on future meetings, important events and dates, and various headings which contribute to the development of the corresponding scientific field.