In vitro and in-silico Anti-diabetic Evaluation of the Combination of Annona squamosa Linn., Leaf Extract and Oleanolic Acid

Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Current Bioactive Compounds Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI:10.2174/0115734072294929240206060527

Sasmita Dash, Nityananda Sahoo, G. Pattnaik, Chandan Das, Sovan Pattnaik, Goutam Ghosh, Goutam Rath, B. Kar

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic β-cells or insulin resistance; its prevalence rapidly increases worldwide. Increasing reports indicate that most plant bioactive agents exhibited alternative and safe effects in managing DM. The study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic efficacy of the combination of Annona squamosa Linn. (AS) leaf extract and Oleanolic acid (OA) using in vitro and in-silico approaches. The leaf of AS was extracted by soxhlet extraction using n-hexane and methanol. The methanol extract of AS (MEAS) was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content and OA were carried out by HPLC and HPTLC analysis, respectively. In vitro antioxidant (DPPH, NO, and H2O2) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) potentials of MEAS, OA, and a combination of MEAS and OA (MEAS + OA) were studied at different concentrations using ascorbic acid and acarbose as standard, respectively. An in-silico study determined their binding interactions with α-amylase (PDB ID-1B2Y) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID-3W37). We found that the combination of MEAS + OA exhibited the highest in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities compared to MEAS and OA. It concluded that OA has a significant role in potentiating the anti-diabetic effect of A. squamosa. GC-MS analysis of MEAS revealed three major bioactives like bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4- ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-, germacrene D and undecane. The highest amount of phenolic (tannic acid and gallic acid) (150 μg/ml) and flavonoid (rutin and quercetin) (40 μg/ml) compounds were found in MEAS. OA was quantified as 356.74 ng/ml in MEAS by HPTLC. The significant inhibitory effects of MEAS, OA, and (MEAS + OA) on free radicals and α-amylase and α-glucosidase were observed concentration-dependent. However, MEAS + OA exhibited a greater percentage of inhibition than MEAS and OA alone. The in-silico analysis revealed highest docking-score of OA (-9.8 & -8.8), Germacrene D (-7.5 & -6.5) and Bicyclo[ 7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-, (-7.0 & -6.4) against IB2Y and 3W37 proteins, respectively.

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乌鳢叶提取物和齐墩果酸组合的体外和体内抗糖尿病评估

糖尿病（DM）是由于胰腺β细胞分泌的胰岛素不足或胰岛素抵抗引起的代谢紊乱，其发病率在全球范围内迅速上升。本研究的目的是采用体外和体内方法，评估鳞叶木贼（AS）叶提取物和齐墩果酸（OA）组合的体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病功效。AS 的甲醇提取物（MEAS）进行了 GC-MS 分析。以抗坏血酸和阿卡波糖为标准，分别研究了不同浓度的 MEAS、OA 以及 MEAS 和 OA 组合（MEAS + OA）的体外抗氧化（DPPH、NO 和 H2O2）和抗糖尿病（α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶）潜力。我们发现，与 MEAS 和 OA 相比，MEAS + OA 组合具有最高的体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。对 MEAS 的气相色谱-质谱分析发现了三种主要的生物活性物质，如双环[7.2.0]十一碳-4-烯、4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基-[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-、胚芽烯 D 和十一烷。酚类化合物（单宁酸和没食子酸）（150 μg/ml）和类黄酮（芦丁和槲皮素）（40 μg/ml）在 MEAS 中含量最高。通过 HPTLC 法，MEAS 中的 OA 定量为 356.74 ng/ml。MEAS、OA和（MEAS + OA）对自由基、α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的明显抑制作用呈浓度依赖性。不过，MEAS + OA 的抑制率高于 MEAS 和 OA 本身。硅内分析表明，OA（-9.8 和 -8.8）、锗蒽 D（-7.5 和 -6.5）和双环[7.2.0]十一碳-4-烯、4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基-[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-（-7.0 和 -6.4）分别对IB2Y 和 3W37 蛋白具有最高的对接分数。

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来源期刊

Current Bioactive Compounds Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

112

期刊介绍： The journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles on new bioactive compounds with proven activities in various biological screenings and pharmacological models with a special emphasis on stereoeselective synthesis. The aim is to provide a valuable information source of bioactive compounds synthesized or isolated, which can be used for further development of pharmaceuticals by industry and academia. The journal should prove to be essential reading for pharmacologists, natural product chemists and medicinal chemists who wish to be kept informed and up-to-date with the most important developments on new bioactive compounds of natural or synthetic origin, including their stereoeselective synthesis.