Coronavirus in Pregnancy: The Role of Melatonin

Gabriela Laste, Jorge de Oliveira Mateus
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Abstract

The effects of COVID-19 on pregnant individuals are unclear due to a series of physiological changes and immune system adaptations that may affect the development of the fetus. There is evidence supporting the role of melatonin in human pregnancy, and it appears that melatonin is essential for a successful pregnancy. However, in pathological conditions, such as during SARS-CoV-2 infection, melatonin levels can be significantly inhibited. In addition, melatonin, a powerful endogen antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and anti-inflammatory molecule, has been reported to exert beneficial effects on viral diseases such as COVID-19. This review focuses on the current evidence regarding the physiopathology of COVID-19 in pregnancy conditions, the role of melatonin during pregnancy, and the use of melatonin as a promising treatment. Addressing these points should help us understand the knowledge currently available about COVID-19 during pregnancy and explore the possible beneficial effects of melatonin. Physiological and immunological adaptations during pregnancy may result in systemic effects that greatly contribute to the development of acute viral infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Melatonin as an adjuvant in COVID-19 treatment has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune response regulatory functions. The strategy that melatonin offers is to slow the cytokine storm observed and reduce oxidative damage to enhance the resistance of individuals and provide additional survival time. Although the direct evidence of melatonin application in COVID-19 is unclear, both its use in experimental animal models and studies on humans has consistently documented its efficacy and safety, and its use by COVID-19 patients would be highly beneficial.
妊娠期冠状病毒:褪黑激素的作用
由于一系列生理变化和免疫系统适应性可能会影响胎儿的发育,COVID-19 对孕妇的影响尚不明确。有证据支持褪黑激素在人类妊娠中的作用,而且褪黑激素似乎是成功妊娠所必需的。然而,在病理情况下,如感染 SARS-CoV-2 期间,褪黑激素水平会受到严重抑制。此外,褪黑激素是一种强大的内源性抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂和抗炎分子,有报道称它对 COVID-19 等病毒性疾病有益。本综述将重点关注有关妊娠期 COVID-19 的生理病理学、褪黑激素在妊娠期的作用以及将褪黑激素作为一种有前景的治疗方法的现有证据。对这些问题的探讨将有助于我们了解有关妊娠期 COVID-19 的现有知识,并探索褪黑激素可能产生的有益影响。妊娠期间的生理和免疫适应性可能会导致全身性影响,而这些影响在很大程度上会导致急性病毒性传染病(如 COVID-19)的发生。褪黑素作为COVID-19治疗的辅助剂,具有抗炎、抗氧化和免疫反应调节功能。褪黑激素提供的策略是减缓观察到的细胞因子风暴,减少氧化损伤,从而增强个体的抵抗力,延长存活时间。虽然褪黑素在 COVID-19 中应用的直接证据尚不明确,但其在实验动物模型和人体研究中的应用已不断证明其有效性和安全性,COVID-19 患者使用褪黑素将大有裨益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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