Experimental quantification of genetic and ontogenetic effects on fighting behavior in the broad-horned flour beetle

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Toshiki Nishitani, Kentarou Matsumura, Erik Postma, Manmohan Dev Sharma, David J Hosken, Takahisa Miyatake
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Abstract

Most animal behaviors show large within- and among-individual variation, and this includes competitive male behaviors. With male fighting for example, aggressiveness often correlates with dominance, and contest duration varies with age. However, few studies have directly quantified how mean aggressiveness and contest duration, the variation among individuals in both traits, and the relationship among them, vary with age. Here we address these gaps and examine the effect of male age and genotype on two key aspects of male fighting behavior - aggressiveness (here measured as latency to fight) and contest duration - and the relationship between them. We do this using isogenic lines of the broad-horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. We observed fighting behavior of paired males of similar body size and age. Using uni- and multivariate mixed models, we show that although there was a significant difference between younger and older males in contest duration, mean aggressiveness was not affected by male age. However, the variation in aggression and fight duration varied with age, being greater in younger and older males respectively. Additionally, although there was a positive correlation between aggressiveness and contest duration in younger males, this relationship was not found in older males. Finally, the only significant genetic effect was for aggression in younger males. Our study shows that age differentially shapes key components of male fighting behavior as well as the relationship among them, highlighting the dynamic nature and context-dependence of fighting.

Abstract Image

通过实验量化宽角面粉甲虫的遗传和个体发育对打斗行为的影响
大多数动物行为在个体内部和个体之间都有很大差异,雄性动物的竞争行为也不例外。以雄性争斗为例,攻击性通常与优势相关,争斗持续时间随年龄而变化。然而,很少有研究直接量化平均攻击性和争斗持续时间、个体间这两个特征的变化以及它们之间的关系是如何随年龄变化的。在这里,我们针对这些空白,研究了雄性年龄和基因型对雄性格斗行为的两个关键方面--攻击性(这里用格斗潜伏期来衡量)和较量持续时间--的影响,以及它们之间的关系。我们利用宽角面粉甲虫(Gnatocerus cornutus)的同源系来进行研究。我们观察了体型和年龄相似的配对雄性的打斗行为。通过使用单变量和多变量混合模型,我们发现虽然年轻雄性和年长雄性在较量持续时间上存在显著差异,但平均攻击性并不受雄性年龄的影响。然而,攻击性和搏斗持续时间随年龄的变化而变化,年轻雄性和年长雄性的攻击性和搏斗持续时间分别更大。此外,虽然年轻雄性的攻击性与比赛持续时间呈正相关,但在年长雄性中却没有发现这种关系。最后,唯一显著的遗传效应是年轻雄性的攻击性。我们的研究表明,年龄对雄性格斗行为的关键因素以及它们之间的关系有着不同的影响,这突出了格斗的动态性质和环境依赖性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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