Interaction between surface waters and the Quaternary shallow alluvial aquifer of Lake Maga downstream: influence of ponds, streams, irrigation canals, and geological features (Far North, Cameroon)

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The valorization of Lake Maga for agricultural purposes has not only contributed to the socio-economic development of the study area, but has also modified the surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) flow regimes. Understanding the interaction between the SW and the shallow Quaternary aquifer, under land use change and soil structure modification, is still a challenge, especially in the semi-arid area. In this study, GW level, hydrogeochemical characterization, and geological features are used to understand, locally, the influence of Lake Maga, its associated hydraulic components, and the other SW bodies on the GW behaviour. GW levels were measured in 51 wells in December 2012 and monitored in February 2013, and in 15 wells (beyond the 51) in June 2017 and December 2018. Physicochemical parameters of SWs and GWs were measured in the field, and 15 water samples were collected for major ion characterization. The GW levels were close (mean value ≈5 m) to the land surface, with zero to very low (< 1 m) water level fluctuations near SW bodies. The GW levels (< 2 m) are influenced more by their proximity to irrigation canals, ponds, and streams than Lake Maga (mean ≈3.5 m). The analysis of electrical conductivity (EC) values and GW levels showed that the weakly mineralized (< 200 µS.cm−1) GW were associated with the shallower GW table level. The moderate GW mineralization (200 < EC < 700 µS.cm−1) were more influenced by the geological texture of the shallow aquifer. The analysis of the geological characteristics of the sub-shallow aquifer structure in the locality of Pouss is mainly sandy, while in the localities of Maga and Guirvidig, clay, clayey-sand and sandy-clay materials dominate. There are no trends in GW chemical evolution from Lake Maga waters towards the shallow groundwater table (SGWT). The mixing-ratios values showed that the SW contributed for more than 65% (mean) to the sub-shallow aquifer in the study area, and the highest SWs (80%) contribution occurred in the locality of Pouss, close to Lake Maga, pond, Logone River, irrigation canal, and seasonal stream, associated with the shallowest GW levels (< 1.5 m). The proximity to SW bodies and the texture of the fluvio-lacustrine deposit of the shallow aquifer strongly influenced GW table levels and their hydrogeochemical characteristics. This work could be a prerequisite to understand how the physicochemical and chemical properties of GW in the shallow aquifer evolve and respond under the influence of SW bodies.

地表水与马加湖下游第四纪浅层冲积含水层之间的相互作用:池塘、溪流、灌溉渠和地质特征的影响(喀麦隆极北地区)
摘要 马加湖的农业价值化不仅促进了研究地区的社会经济发展,还改变了地表水(SW)和地下水(GW)的流动机制。在土地利用变化和土壤结构改变的情况下,了解地表水和第四纪浅含水层之间的相互作用仍然是一项挑战,尤其是在半干旱地区。本研究利用地下水位、水文地球化学特征和地质特征来了解当地马加湖及其相关水力成分和其他西南部水体对地下水行为的影响。2012 年 12 月对 51 口井的地下水位进行了测量,2013 年 2 月对其进行了监测,2017 年 6 月和 2018 年 12 月对 15 口井(超出 51 口井)的地下水位进行了测量。实地测量了地下水体和地下水水体的理化参数,并采集了 15 份水样进行主要离子特征分析。地下水水位接近地表(平均值≈5 m),西南水体附近水位波动为零至极低(< 1 m)。与马加湖(平均值≈3.5 米)相比,全球水位(< 2 米)受靠近灌溉渠、池塘和溪流的影响更大。对导电率(EC)值和地下水位的分析表明,弱矿化度(< 200 µS.cm-1)的地下水与较浅的地下水位有关。中度 GW 矿化度(200 < EC < 700 µS.cm-1)受浅含水层地质构造的影响较大。根据浅层含水层地质结构特征分析,普斯(Pouss)地区的浅层含水层主要为砂质含水层,而在马加(Maga)和吉尔维迪格(Guirvidig)地区,则以粘土、粘砂土和砂质粘土为主。马加湖水域向浅层地下水位(SGWT)的 GW 化学演变没有趋势。混合比值显示,在研究区域的次浅含水层中,西南水体的贡献率超过 65%(平均值),西南水体贡献率最高(80%)的地区位于 Pouss,靠近马加湖、池塘、洛贡河、灌溉渠和季节性溪流,地下水位最浅(< 1.5 米)。浅含水层靠近西南部水体和河积-湖积沉积物的质地对地下水位及其水文地球化学特征有很大影响。这项工作可能是了解浅含水层中地下水的物理化学和化学特性在西南水体影响下如何演变和反应的先决条件。
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来源期刊
Geosciences Journal
Geosciences Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Geosciences Journal opens a new era for the publication of geoscientific research articles in English, covering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, environmental geology, economic geology, petroleum geology, hydrogeology, remote sensing and planetary geology.
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