A new braiding index to assess river regulation effects in multi‐thread channels: Insights from a highly regulated Himalayan river

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Kausik Ghosh, Tapan Chakraborty, Priyank Pravin Patel
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Abstract

River regulation by dams and embankments drastically reduce/alter flow, which affects the natural channel pattern. Existing braiding indices have seldom incorporated the effects of diurnal flow variations caused by hydropeaking, leading to over/underestimation of the braiding intensity. These indices consider only the visible wet channels, ignoring the existence of dry channels that are activated only episodically during phases of water release from hydropower dams. We have extracted the dry channels (those that are periodically wet) coursing across the channel belt of the highly regulated River Tista from Landsat images between 1977 and 2014, using Normalized Difference Wetness Index values. These were combined with existing wet channel widths and numbers to formulate the Regulated Braiding Index (RBi) for characterizing channel braiding in the Tista's course over the Himalayan foothill plains. Overall, the widths and numbers of wet channels decreased by 63% and 25%, respectively, during the regulated years (2003 and 2014) as compared to pre‐dam years (1977 and 1995) due to the collective operation of 14 upstream dams/barrages (having cumulative ~89 million m3 reservoir capacity), whose operations reduced the braiding intensity (eliciting lower RBi values). Further, the number of high braiding reaches decreased by half while low braiding stretches rose by 10% in comparison to the pre‐dam period due to reduced/regulated flow. Comparative analysis of derived RBi values with three existing braiding indices revealed that RBi values consistently decreased near barrages, bridges, and within embankment‐confined reaches, unlike the other indices, thus providing a better framework for assessing expected river regulation effects.
评估多线程河道河流调节效应的新编织指数:喜马拉雅山脉一条高度管制河流的启示
大坝和堤坝对河流的调节会大大减少/改变流量,从而影响自然河道的形态。现有的辫状河道指数很少考虑水力湍动造成的昼夜流量变化的影响,从而导致对辫状河道强度的高估/低估。这些指数只考虑了可见的湿河道,而忽略了仅在水电站大坝泄水阶段偶尔激活的干河道的存在。我们利用归一化差异湿度指数值,从 1977 年至 2014 年期间的大地遥感卫星图像中提取了流经高度管制的蒂斯塔河河道带的干河道(周期性湿河道)。这些数据与现有的湿河道宽度和数量相结合,形成了调节辫状指数(RBi),用于描述喜马拉雅山麓平原上蒂斯塔河河道辫状的特征。总体而言,与坝前年份(1977 年和 1995 年)相比,管制年份(2003 年和 2014 年)的湿河道宽度和数量分别减少了 63% 和 25%,原因是上游 14 座水坝/拦河坝(累计库容约为 8,900 万立方米)的集体运行降低了辫状强度(导致 RBi 值降低)。此外,与坝前相比,由于流量减少/调节,高辫状河段的数量减少了一半,而低辫状河段则增加了 10%。将得出的 RBi 值与现有的三个辫状指数进行比较分析后发现,与其他指数不同的是,RBi 值在拦河坝、桥梁附近以及在堤坝封闭的河段内持续下降,从而为评估预期的河流调节效应提供了一个更好的框架。
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来源期刊
River Research and Applications
River Research and Applications 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
9.10%
发文量
158
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: River Research and Applications , previously published as Regulated Rivers: Research and Management (1987-2001), is an international journal dedicated to the promotion of basic and applied scientific research on rivers. The journal publishes original scientific and technical papers on biological, ecological, geomorphological, hydrological, engineering and geographical aspects related to rivers in both the developed and developing world. Papers showing how basic studies and new science can be of use in applied problems associated with river management, regulation and restoration are encouraged as is interdisciplinary research concerned directly or indirectly with river management problems.
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