Heterogeneity in post-fire thermal responses across Pacific Northwest streams: A multi-site study

IF 3.1 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Mussie T. Beyene , Scott G. Leibowitz
{"title":"Heterogeneity in post-fire thermal responses across Pacific Northwest streams: A multi-site study","authors":"Mussie T. Beyene ,&nbsp;Scott G. Leibowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.hydroa.2024.100173","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past century, water temperatures in many streams across the Pacific Northwest (PNW) have steadily risen, shrinking endangered salmonid habitats. The warming of PNW stream reaches can be further accelerated by wildfires burning forest stands that provide shade to streams. However, previous research on the effect of wildfires on stream water temperatures has focused on individual streams or burn events, limiting our understanding of the diversity in post-fire thermal responses across PNW streams. To bridge this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of wildfires on daily summer water temperatures across 31 PNW stream sites, where 10–100% of their riparian area burned. To ensure robustness of our results, we employed multiple approaches to characterize and quantify fire effects on post-fire stream water temperature changes.</p><p>Averaged across the 31 burned sites, wildfires corresponded to a 0.3 – 1°C increase in daily summer water temperatures over the subsequent three years. Nonetheless, post-fire summer thermal responses displayed extensive heterogeneity across burned sites where the likelihood and rate of a post-fire summer water temperature warming was higher for stream sites with greater proportion of their riparian area burned under high severity. Also, watershed features such as basin area, post-fire weather, bedrock permeability, pre-fire riparian forest cover, and winter snowpack depth were identified as strong predictors of the post-fire summer water temperature responses across burned sites. Our study offers a multi-site perspective on the effect of wildfires on summer stream temperatures in the PNW, providing insights that can inform freshwater management efforts beyond individual streams and basins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589915524000038/pdfft?md5=55e3c4641aaca4096fff6b570b6d1d6b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589915524000038-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Hydrology X","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589915524000038","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Over the past century, water temperatures in many streams across the Pacific Northwest (PNW) have steadily risen, shrinking endangered salmonid habitats. The warming of PNW stream reaches can be further accelerated by wildfires burning forest stands that provide shade to streams. However, previous research on the effect of wildfires on stream water temperatures has focused on individual streams or burn events, limiting our understanding of the diversity in post-fire thermal responses across PNW streams. To bridge this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of wildfires on daily summer water temperatures across 31 PNW stream sites, where 10–100% of their riparian area burned. To ensure robustness of our results, we employed multiple approaches to characterize and quantify fire effects on post-fire stream water temperature changes.

Averaged across the 31 burned sites, wildfires corresponded to a 0.3 – 1°C increase in daily summer water temperatures over the subsequent three years. Nonetheless, post-fire summer thermal responses displayed extensive heterogeneity across burned sites where the likelihood and rate of a post-fire summer water temperature warming was higher for stream sites with greater proportion of their riparian area burned under high severity. Also, watershed features such as basin area, post-fire weather, bedrock permeability, pre-fire riparian forest cover, and winter snowpack depth were identified as strong predictors of the post-fire summer water temperature responses across burned sites. Our study offers a multi-site perspective on the effect of wildfires on summer stream temperatures in the PNW, providing insights that can inform freshwater management efforts beyond individual streams and basins.

西北太平洋溪流火灾后热反应的异质性:多地点研究
在过去的一个世纪里,太平洋西北地区(PNW)许多溪流的水温持续上升,导致濒临灭绝的鲑鱼栖息地不断缩小。野火烧毁了为溪流提供遮荫的林木,进一步加速了西北太平洋溪流流域的变暖。然而,以前有关野火对溪流水温影响的研究主要集中在个别溪流或燃烧事件上,限制了我们对整个西北太平洋溪流火后热反应多样性的了解。为了弥补这一知识空白,我们评估了野火对 31 个西北太平洋溪流点夏季日水温的影响,这些溪流点有 10% 到 100% 的河岸区域被烧毁。为了确保结果的稳健性,我们采用了多种方法来描述和量化火灾对火灾后溪流水温变化的影响。在 31 个被烧毁的地点中,野火平均导致随后三年的夏季日水温上升 0.3 - 1°C。然而,火灾后的夏季热反应在不同的烧毁点之间表现出广泛的异质性,对于河岸面积在高严重程度下烧毁比例较大的溪流点,火灾后夏季水温升高的可能性和速率更高。此外,流域面积、火后天气、基岩渗透性、火前河岸森林覆盖率和冬季积雪深度等流域特征也被认为是预测各烧毁地点火后夏季水温反应的重要因素。我们的研究从多地点的角度探讨了野火对西北太平洋地区夏季溪流温度的影响,提供的见解可为单个溪流和流域以外的淡水管理工作提供参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Journal of Hydrology X
Journal of Hydrology X Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
20
审稿时长
25 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信