Multimethod analysis of large- and low-tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow

IF 5.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI:10.1111/iej.14047

Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Fernando Peña-Bengoa, Natasha C. Ajuz, Victor T. L. Vieira, Jorge N. R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Ricardo Pinto, Mario Rito Pereira, Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes, Marco A. Versiani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

To compare eight large- and low-tapered heat-treated reciprocating instruments regarding their design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and irrigation flow through an in silico model.

Methodology

A total of 472 new 25-mm E-Flex Rex (25/.04 and 25/.06), Excalibur (25/.05), Procodile (25/.06), Reciproc Blue R25 (25/.08v), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07v), and Univy Sense (25/.04 and 25/.06) instruments were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, cutting ability, bending and buckling resistance). Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal–Wallis and one-way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%).

Results

Instruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non-active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel-titanium ratios. Cross-sectional designs exhibited an S-shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (p < .05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (p < .05). Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E-Flex Rec 25/.06 showed the lowest angle (p < .05). The better cutting ability was observed with E-Flex Rec 25/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (p > .05). Reciproc R25 and E-Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (p < .05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively.

Conclusions

Low-tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large-tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low-tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque to fracture and inferior cutting ability, contributing to a narrower apical canal enlargement that may compromise the penetration of irrigants in that region.

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大锥度和小锥度单档往复式仪器的多方法分析：设计、冶金、机械性能和灌溉流量。

目的：通过硅模型比较八种大锥度和小锥度热处理往复式器械的设计、冶金、机械性能和灌注流量：方法：共对 472 台新的 25 毫米 E-Flex Rex（25/.04 和 25/.06）、Excalibur（25/.05）、Procodile（25/.06）、Reciproc Blue R25（25/.08v）、WaveOne Gold Primary（25/.07v）和 Univy Sense（25/.04 和 25/.06）器械进行了设计、冶金和机械性能方面的评估。06）仪器的设计（立体显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和三维表面扫描）、冶金（能量色散 X 射线光谱仪和差示扫描量热仪）和机械性能（循环疲劳、抗扭转性、切割能力、抗弯曲和抗屈曲性）进行了评估。此外，还进行了计算流体动力学评估，以确定灌注流模式、根尖压力和模拟管道制备过程中的管壁剪切应力。统计比较采用 Kruskal-Wallis 和单向 anova 后 Tukey 检验（α = 5%）：结果：器械的刀片数量、螺旋角度和刀尖设计各不相同，所有器械均采用非活动刀尖、对称刀片和等原子镍钛比。除 WaveOne Gold 外，其他产品的横截面设计均呈 S 形。Univy 25/.04 和 Reciproc Blue 在 D3 时的核心直径最小和最大。Univy 25/.04 和 E-Flex Rec 25/.04 的断裂时间最长（p .05）。Reciproc R25 和 E-Flex Rec 显示出最高的抗屈曲值（p 结论）：与大锥度器械相比，低锥度往复式器械显示出更高的灵活性、更长的断裂时间和更大的旋转角度，同时降低了最大弯曲负荷和屈曲强度。然而，低锥度系统也表现出较低的最大折断力矩和较差的切割能力，导致根尖管扩大变窄，可能会影响冲洗剂在该区域的渗透。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International endodontic journal 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

28.00%

发文量

195

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Endodontic Journal is published monthly and strives to publish original articles of the highest quality to disseminate scientific and clinical knowledge; all manuscripts are subjected to peer review. Original scientific articles are published in the areas of biomedical science, applied materials science, bioengineering, epidemiology and social science relevant to endodontic disease and its management, and to the restoration of root-treated teeth. In addition, review articles, reports of clinical cases, book reviews, summaries and abstracts of scientific meetings and news items are accepted. The International Endodontic Journal is essential reading for general dental practitioners, specialist endodontists, research, scientists and dental teachers.