Chromosome-level genome of the poultry shaft louse Menopon gallinae provides insight into the host-switching and adaptive evolution of parasitic lice.

IF 11.8 2区 生物学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Ye Xu, Ling Ma, Shanlin Liu, Yanxin Liang, Qiaoqiao Liu, Zhixin He, Li Tian, Yuange Duan, Wanzhi Cai, Hu Li, Fan Song
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) are one important group of parasites that infects birds and mammals. It is believed that the ancestor of parasitic lice originated on the ancient avian host, and ancient mammals acquired these parasites via host-switching from birds. Here we present the first chromosome-level genome of Menopon gallinae in Amblycera (earliest diverging lineage of parasitic lice). We explore the transition of louse host-switching from birds to mammals at the genomic level by identifying numerous idiosyncratic genomic variations.

Results: The assembled genome is 155 Mb in length, with a contig N50 of 27.42 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 97% of the bases to 5 chromosomes. The genome of M. gallinae retains a basal insect repertoire of 11,950 protein-coding genes. By comparing the genomes of lice to those of multiple representative insects in other orders, we discovered that gene families of digestion, detoxification, and immunity-related are generally conserved between bird lice and mammal lice, while mammal lice have undergone a significant reduction in genes related to chemosensory systems and temperature. This suggests that mammal lice have lost some of these genes through the adaption to environment and temperatures after host-switching. Furthermore, 7 genes related to hematophagy were positively selected in mammal lice, suggesting their involvement in the hematophagous behavior.

Conclusions: Our high-quality genome of M. gallinae provides a valuable resource for comparative genomic research in Phthiraptera and facilitates further studies on adaptive evolution of host-switching within parasitic lice.

家禽轴虱 Menopon gallinae 染色体水平的基因组有助于深入了解寄生虱的宿主转换和适应性进化。
背景:虱子(Psocodea: Phthiraptera)是感染鸟类和哺乳动物的一类重要寄生虫。据认为,寄生虱的祖先起源于古代鸟类宿主,古代哺乳动物通过宿主转换从鸟类获得这些寄生虫。在这里,我们首次在染色体组水平上展示了寄生虱子最早分化世系(Amblycera)中的Menopon gallinae基因组。我们通过识别大量特异性基因组变异,在基因组水平上探索了虱子宿主从鸟类向哺乳动物转换的过程:组装的基因组长度为 155 Mb,等位基因 N50 为 27.42 Mb。Hi-C脚手架将97%的碱基分配到5条染色体上。五倍子甲虫的基因组保留了昆虫基本的 11,950 个编码蛋白质的基因。通过将虱子的基因组与其他目多种代表性昆虫的基因组进行比较,我们发现消化、解毒和免疫相关的基因家族在鸟类虱子和哺乳类虱子之间基本保持一致,而哺乳类虱子中与化感系统和温度相关的基因则显著减少。这表明,哺乳动物的虱子在宿主转换后,由于对环境和温度的适应而丢失了其中的一些基因。此外,哺乳动物虱子中有7个与血噬有关的基因被正选择,表明它们参与了血噬行为:我们高质量的M. gallinae基因组为Phthiraptera的比较基因组研究提供了宝贵的资源,有助于进一步研究寄生虱宿主转换的适应性进化。
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来源期刊
GigaScience
GigaScience MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
15.50
自引率
1.10%
发文量
119
审稿时长
1 weeks
期刊介绍: GigaScience seeks to transform data dissemination and utilization in the life and biomedical sciences. As an online open-access open-data journal, it specializes in publishing "big-data" studies encompassing various fields. Its scope includes not only "omic" type data and the fields of high-throughput biology currently serviced by large public repositories, but also the growing range of more difficult-to-access data, such as imaging, neuroscience, ecology, cohort data, systems biology and other new types of large-scale shareable data.
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