Intravenous Contrast Media Extravasation in Patients Undergoing Computerized Tomography Scanning in a Hospital in Southern Brazil: Patients Profile and Possible Related Causes

Abstract

Background

Contrast media extravasation (CME) is a well-known adverse event that can occur during the computerized tomography (CT). Studies about the risk factors related to these events are necessary to prevent its occurrence.

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors and possible related causes associated with CME in patients undergoing CT.

Methods

A retrospective and quantitative study performed in a hospital in southern Brazil. Data from patients who had undergone intravenous contrast computer tomography scanning between March 2022 and May 2023 were collected and descriptive statistics was used.

Findings

This study demonstrated that the highest incidence of CME occurred in males and inpatients, with age >60 being the greatest risk factor (82%). Additional risk factors such as fragile veins and contrast infusion rates >3 mL/sec were associated with more than 75% of the extravasations. In the absence of severe injury, all patients were treated with conservative medical management.

Conclusion

Risk factors such as male, inpatient, age >60, and fragile veins are likely to predispose the patient to a higher incident of a CME event. Although severe injuries are rare, identifying the risk factors is important to minimize its incidence.