Effect of the size of nucleic acid delivery systems on their fate in cancer treatment

Exploration of drug science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.37349/eds.2024.00035

Mengyun Ye, Junni Gong, Wang Chen, Xiaoxuan Liu, Da-Ni Zhu

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Abstract

Nucleic acid therapeutics are emerging as a promising class of medicines, offering unique therapeutic options for cancer at the gene level. However, the druggability of nucleic acid therapeutics is fundamentally restricted by their low stability, poor membrane permeability, and low bioavailability, necessitating the use of delivery vectors. Various delivery vectors have been developed for nucleic acid therapeutics. The fate of established nucleic acid delivery systems (NADS) in vivo substantially affects the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. The physicochemical properties of NADS (such as size, charge, shape, etc) are crucial for the interaction of NADS with various biological barriers in the body, thereby determining the fate of NADS in the body. Nanoparticle (NP) size is an important parameter defining the blood circulation, distribution, tumor accumulation, and cellular uptake of NADS. This mini-review briefly introduces the various biological barriers of NADS in cancer treatment and focuses on the influence of the particle size of delivery vectors on the in vivo fate of NADS and their therapeutic efficacy, which provides new insights into the rational design of NADS.

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核酸递送系统的大小对其在癌症治疗中的命运的影响

核酸疗法正在成为一类前景广阔的药物，在基因水平上为癌症提供了独特的治疗方案。然而，由于核酸稳定性低、膜渗透性差、生物利用度低，从根本上限制了核酸疗法的可药性，因此必须使用递送载体。目前已开发出各种用于核酸疗法的递送载体。已建立的核酸递送系统（NADS）在体内的转归会对递送效率和疗效产生重大影响。核酸递送系统的理化性质（如大小、电荷、形状等）对于核酸递送系统与体内各种生物屏障的相互作用至关重要，从而决定了核酸递送系统在体内的命运。纳米粒子（NP）的大小是决定 NADS 血液循环、分布、肿瘤蓄积和细胞吸收的重要参数。这篇微型综述简要介绍了 NADS 在癌症治疗中的各种生物屏障，并重点探讨了递送载体的粒度对 NADS 体内转归及其疗效的影响，从而为合理设计 NADS 提供新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Exploration of drug science

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