Evaluation of Mechanical Properties with the Use of EPS Polymer for the Preparation of Sustainable Composite Based on Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI:10.4028/p-gr00jv

D. F. dos Santos

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Abstract

The civil construction area is one of the activities with the highest consumption of raw materials, presenting a large generation of waste. The use of EPS polymer (expanded polystyrene), in addition to being technological, has a low environmental impact by reducing the use of traditional concrete inputs, in addition to being 100% recyclable, cost-effective. The study enabled the elaboration of the composite based on concrete with different contents of recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) added (0.20; 0.10 and 0.05%, in % weight/weight). The use of this material allowed the partial replacement of standard sand in the composite aggregate, obtaining an environmentally sustainable material, with low specific mass, thermal resistance with insulating, hydrophobic properties that allow low water absorption, with a low impact manufacturing process. This addition of EPS to the fresh concrete mixture showed a reduction in water penetration, making the construction material more hydrophobic, minimizing infiltration problems, reducing the physical process of absorption. The specimens for the concentration of 0.10% (weight/weight) showed better axial mechanical performance, with an average of 11.4 kgf, 52% in gain of reinforcement effect, in relation to the concentration of 0.20% (weight/weight). For this concentration of 0.20 (weight/weight), the EPS beads obtained greater homogeneity in the dispersion in the cementitious matrix, promoting better impact absorption during mechanical efforts. The absorption test was carried out for 10 and 20 minutes, and with that the percentage of water absorbed for each composite was verified. The specimens prepared with higher contents of styrofoam (0.20% and 0.10%), with 0.98 and 1.29%, respectively, of absorbed water, showed a more hydrophobic character due to the higher percentage of presence of pearls. EPS, making the material less permeable to water. The absorption results were quite satisfactory, showing values below 20%, as recommended in the NBR 8491 standard.

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使用 EPS 聚合物制备基于混凝土的可持续复合材料的力学性能评估

土木建筑领域是原材料消耗量最大的活动之一，会产生大量废物。使用 EPS 聚合物（发泡聚苯乙烯），除了技术上的优势外，还能减少传统混凝土的使用，对环境影响较小，而且 100% 可回收，具有成本效益。这项研究以混凝土为基础，添加了不同含量的再生发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）（0.20%、0.10% 和 0.05%，重量/重量百分比），从而制作出了复合材料。使用这种材料可以部分替代复合骨料中的标准砂，从而获得一种环境可持续材料，具有低比重、隔热、憎水等特性，吸水率低，生产过程对环境影响小。在新拌混凝土中添加发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）可减少水的渗透，使建筑材料更疏水，最大限度地减少渗透问题，减少吸水的物理过程。浓度为 0.10%（重量/重量）的试样显示出更好的轴向机械性能，平均为 11.4 kgf，与浓度为 0.20%（重量/重量）的试样相比，增强效果提高了 52%。在 0.20%（重量/重量）的浓度下，EPS 微珠在水泥基质中的分散更加均匀，从而在机械作用时能更好地吸收冲击力。吸水试验分别进行了 10 分钟和 20 分钟，从而验证了每种复合材料的吸水百分比。发泡胶含量较高的试样（0.20% 和 0.10%）吸水率分别为 0.98% 和 1.29%，由于珍珠的存在比例较高，因此显示出更强的疏水性。EPS 使材料的透水性降低。根据 NBR 8491 标准的建议，吸水率值低于 20%，吸水效果相当令人满意。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Applied Mechanics and Materials

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