Relationship Between Winds with Surface Roughness and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Over Iraq

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI:10.3233/ajw240012

Wedyan G. Nassif, Ahmed A. Hashim, Sara Muter, Osama T. Al-Taai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The methodology used in the study is based on hourly and monthly rates (wind speed and direction, CO2, and surface roughness) obtained from the European Center for Numerical Weather Prediction at 30 sites in Iraq in 2020. The results showed that the maximum wind speed was 4 m/s at 12:00 noon, while the prevailing wind direction for all sites in Iraq was towards the northwest (NW) and the minimum wind speed was 2 m/s at 00:00 AM. By analysing the monthly wind speed and direction for some selected stations, it was found that the highest value of (SW), i.e., 64% was recorded at Rutba station, and the lowest value of (SW) at Basra station was 45%, where the prevailing direction was found to be towards the north-northwest (NNW). The spatial analysis concluded that the wind movement is directed from the north and northwest, explaining that the wind reverses its direction from the mountainous heights to flat lands due to the roughness of the surface in the northern regions above the stations of Iraq. Spearman’s test was carried out between wind speed and surface roughness, and between carbon dioxide and surface roughness. It was found that the correlation strength is weak, and the relationship is inverse between surface roughness and wind speed. This analysis is considered the best way to choose the best wind power plants.

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伊拉克上空风与表面粗糙度和二氧化碳浓度之间的关系

研究采用的方法基于欧洲数值天气预报中心 2020 年在伊拉克 30 个地点获得的每小时和每月风速（风速和风向、二氧化碳和表面粗糙度）。结果显示，中午 12:00 时的最大风速为 4 米/秒，而伊拉克所有地点的主导风向均为西北风，凌晨 00:00 时的最小风速为 2 米/秒。通过分析一些选定站点的月风速和风向，发现鲁特巴站的风速（SW）值最高，为 64%，而巴士拉站的风速（SW）值最低，为 45%，盛行风向为西北风（NNW）。空间分析得出的结论是，风向是从北部和西北部吹来的，这说明由于伊拉克北部地区各站上方的地表粗糙，风向从高山转为平地。风速与地表粗糙度之间以及二氧化碳与地表粗糙度之间进行了斯皮尔曼检验。结果发现，相关性较弱，地表粗糙度与风速之间呈反比关系。这一分析被认为是选择最佳风力发电厂的最佳方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.