Optimism As A Resource And Form Of Manifesting Positive Affectiveness In The Elderly And Young Adults Pre-Pandemic Vs Pandemic – Comparative Study

L. Moroianu, Cecilia Curis, Marius Moroianu, Cristina Stefanescu, Anamaria Ciubara
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Abstract

The present study represents a meta-analysis carried out using the term optimism as a form of manifestation of positive affectivity from a double perspective, namely: reporting to two periods, pre-pandemic and pandemic and to two age categories, young adults and old people. Two types of psychological intervention factors were analyzed in the mentioned categories, in the pre-pandemic period, namely, a period of financial stability vs pre-pandemic financial instability, respectively, the spectrum of the pandemic generating anxiety, illness and death as markers of emotional balance. The meta-analysis indirectly quantified the interest in scientific research regarding optimism as a psychological resource, through the number of published articles related to this psychological variable. Material and method: The study is a comparative and cross-sectional meta-analysis of articles published in the PubMed database during 2008-2011, 2016-2019 and 2020-2023. Data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel application. Results: The comparative analysis between young people and the elderly ones regarding the studies published in the period 2008-2011 with the psychological variable "optimism" in their study shows a 15.65 times higher number of studies in terms of articles about seniors. Also, the comparative analysis of the number of studies published in the period 2008-2023 for the two age categories is clearly in favor of the elderly, the ratio being 1 to 12.8. It is possible that this fact is due to the greater addressability of the health systems of the elderly. The comparative analysis led to the conclusion that optimism as a form of manifestation of positive affectivity was studied more frequently in the third age patients being considered an important resource for them due to its attenuation with advancing age and by diminishing personal resources as a consequence of cognitive impairment and emotional lability. In young people, optimism is a psychological component present in a greater proportion and constitutes the premises of ecological emotional and cognitive manifestations. Conclusions: The meta-analysis revealed differences regarding research interest related to optimism as a manifestation of positive affectivity in relation to the periods studied and to the mentioned age categories. In relation to optimism per se, it represents an important resource at any age and it is dependent on a series of factors that are related to the period of life but also to the situational context, without discussing the personality type of the individual and a series of co-factors (transgenerational, educational, cultural, geographical, etc.).    
大流行前与大流行后老年人和年轻人的乐观情绪作为积极情感的一种资源和表现形式--比较研究
本研究从双重角度对乐观主义这一积极情绪的表现形式进行了荟萃分析,即:对大流行前和大流行这两个时期以及青壮年和老年人这两个年龄段进行报告。对上述类别中的两类心理干预因素进行了分析,分别是大流行前时期,即财务稳定时期与大流行前财务不稳定时期,以及大流行产生焦虑、疾病和死亡作为情绪平衡标志的时期。荟萃分析通过与乐观这一心理变量相关的已发表文章数量,间接量化了科学研究对乐观这一心理资源的兴趣。材料和方法本研究对2008-2011年、2016-2019年和2020-2023年期间发表在PubMed数据库中的文章进行了横截面比较荟萃分析。数据处理使用 Microsoft Excel 应用程序。研究结果通过对2008-2011年期间发表的以 "乐观 "这一心理变量为研究对象的年轻人和老年人的研究进行比较分析,发现关于老年人的研究文章数量是年轻人的15.65倍。此外,对 2008-2023 年期间发表的两个年龄段的研究数量进行的比较分析也明显有利于老年人,两者的比例为 1 比 12.8。这可能是由于老年人的保健系统更容易处理。比较分析得出的结论是,乐观作为一种积极情绪的表现形式,在第三个年龄段的病人中被更多地研究,并被认为是他们的一种重要资源,因为随着年龄的增长,以及由于认知障碍和情绪不稳定导致的个人资源减少,乐观会逐渐减弱。在年轻人中,乐观是一种心理成分,其比例更高,是生态情感和认知表现的前提。结论荟萃分析表明,乐观作为积极情绪的一种表现形式,其研究兴趣与所研究的时期和所提及的年龄段存在差异。就乐观主义本身而言,它在任何年龄段都是一种重要的资源,它取决于与生活时期相关的一系列因素,也取决于环境背景,但不讨论个人的人格类型和一系列共同因素(跨代、教育、文化、地理等)。
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