SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination

IF 3 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Antibodies Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI:10.3390/antib13010013

N. Manfrini, Samuele Notarbartolo, Renata Grifantini, E. Pesce

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

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SARS-CoV-2：感染和疫苗接种引起的先天性免疫反应一瞥

由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 COVID-19 大流行已导致全球近 700 万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2 通过呼吸道传播引起感染，既可以没有任何症状，也可以有临床表现，症状可以是轻微的，也可以是严重的，在某些情况下甚至是致命的。先天性免疫通过感知病原体相关分子模式和触发信号通路来激活抗病毒和炎症反应，从而限制病毒复制并帮助识别和清除受感染的细胞，为抵御病毒提供初始防御。然而，先天性免疫反应在时间上的失调和过度激活对宿主有害，并与严重的 COVID-19 相关联。除了防御作用外，先天免疫在启动适应性免疫反应和极化其效应器功能方面也起着关键作用。这种能力与 SARS-CoV-2 自然感染和 COVID-19 疫苗接种都息息相关。在此，我们概述了目前对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种的先天性免疫反应的认识。

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来源期刊

Antibodies IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

6.40%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Antibodies (ISSN 2073-4468), an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to antibodies and antigens. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure - if unable to be published in a normal way - can be deposited as supplementary material. This journal covers all topics related to antibodies and antigens, topics of interest include (but are not limited to): antibody-producing cells (including B cells), antibody structure and function, antibody-antigen interactions, Fc receptors, antibody manufacturing antibody engineering, antibody therapy, immunoassays, antibody diagnosis, tissue antigens, exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens, monoclonal antibodies, natural antibodies, humoral immune responses, immunoregulatory molecules.