Validation of satellite-derived water-leaving reflectance in contrasted French coastal waters based on HYPERNETS field measurements

D. Doxaran, Boubaker ElKilani, Alexandre Corizzi, C. Goyens
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Abstract

Since 2021, two autonomous HYPERNETS (A new hyperspectral radiometer integrated in automated networks of water and land bidirectional reflectance measurements for satellite validation) stations are operated in contrasted French coastal waters: one in the center of an optically complex coastal lagoon and one at the mouth of a highly turbid estuary. These stations perform predefined sequences of above-water hyperspectral radiometric measurements following a strict viewing geometry. The data recorded by the ®HYPSTAR radiometer is automatically transmitted to servers for quality-controls then computation of the water-leaving reflectance signal. Numerous matchups were identified with high (Sentinel2-MSI and Landsat8/9-OLI) and medium (Sentinel3-OLCI and Aqua-MODIS) spatial resolution satellite data and are analyzed to assess the performance of different atmospheric correction algorithms (Sen2Cor, ACOLITE, POLYMER, iCOR, C2RCC, GRS, BPAC, NIR-SWIR). Considering the specifications of each site (i.e., spatial and temporal variations of water optical properties), optimized matchup protocols are first established to guaranty high quality comparisons between satellite products and field measurements. The matchup results highlight the failure and limits of several atmospheric correction algorithms in complex/turbid coastal waters. The importance of accurate sun glint corrections in low to moderately-turbid waters (with the good performances of POLYMER, C2RCC and GRS processors, e.g., errors (MAPE) lower than 25% in the green spectral region) is also shown while the use of dark targets and spectral fitting to estimate the aerosol contributions is proved to be the most accurate method in the case of turbid waters (with Sen2Cor and ACOLITE errors (MAPE) lower than 20% in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions).
根据 HYPERNETS 实地测量验证法国沿海对比水域的卫星水叶反射率
自 2021 年起,两个自主的 HYPERNETS(一种新型高光谱辐射计,集成到用于卫星 验证的水和陆地双向反射测量自动网络中)站点在对比强烈的法国沿海水域运行:一个位 于光学复杂的沿海泻湖中心,另一个位于高度浑浊的河口。这些站点按照严格的观测几何形状,执行预定的水上高光谱辐射测量序列。®HYPSTAR 辐射计记录的数据会自动传输到服务器进行质量控制,然后计算水体反射信号。与高分辨率(Sentinel2-MSI 和 Landsat8/9-OLI)和中分辨率(Sentinel3-OLCI 和 Aqua-MODIS)卫星数据进行了大量匹配,并对不同大气校正算法(Sen2Cor、ACOLITE、POLYMER、iCOR、C2RCC、GRS、BPAC、NIR-SWIR)的性能进行了分析评估。考虑到每个站点的规格(即水光学特性的空间和时间变化),首先建立了优化匹配协议,以保证卫星产品和实地测量之间的高质量比较。比对结果凸显了一些大气校正算法在复杂/湍急沿岸水域的失败和局限性。在低度到中度湍流水域,精确的太阳闪光校正非常重要(POLYMER、C2RCC 和 GRS 处理器性能良好,例如在绿色光谱区误差(MAPE)小于 25%),而在湍流水域,使用暗目标和光谱拟合来估计气溶胶贡献被证明是最精确的方法(Sen2Cor 和 ACOLITE 在可见光和近红外光谱区误差(MAPE)小于 20%)。
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