Associated Factors with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Teaching Hospital

Sunita Bhandari, Heera Tuladhar
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Abstract

Introduction: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome in women which adversely affects social, academic, or work performance. The mechanisms underlying PMDD are still insufficiently known, the findings indicate a multifactorial genesis. Prevalence data of PMDD and its potential associated risk factors is sparse in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the associated factors with PMDD among undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among unmarried female medical students at KIST medical college and teaching hospital from 1st June to 30th July, 2023. Students were assigned from each of the four MBBS years (First, Second, Third, and Final) through random sampling till the desired sample size was achieved. Questionnaires about socio-demographic, menstrual, lifestyle variables and questionnaire for diagnosis of PMDD were administered. PMDD was diagnosed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fifth edition (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Data Analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Data calculated as frequencies, mean, standard deviation and chi square test, independent t test with p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of PMDD according to DSM-V criteria was 41 (36.28%). PMDD was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (P=0.030) and with intake of caffeinated beverages (P=0.034). Conclusion: PMDD is prevalent among medical students in Nepal. The potential associated risk factors are dysmenorrhea and intake of caffeinated beverages.
一家教学医院医科本科生经前期焦虑症的相关因素
简介经前期情感障碍(PMDD)是女性经前期综合征的一种严重形式,会对社交、学习或工作表现产生不利影响。目前,人们对 PMDD 的发病机制尚不充分了解,研究结果表明其发病原因是多因素的。在尼泊尔,PMDD 及其潜在相关风险因素的患病率数据非常稀少。本研究旨在确定尼泊尔一家教学医院医科本科生中 PMDD 的相关因素:这是一项横断面研究,研究对象是 2023 年 6 月 1 日至 7 月 30 日在 KIST 医学院和教学医院就读的未婚女医学生。通过随机抽样的方式,从医学学士学位的四个年级(一年级、二年级、三年级和毕业班)中的每一个年级抽取学生,直至达到所需的样本量。调查问卷涉及社会人口学、月经、生活方式等变量,以及 PMDD 诊断问卷。PMDD的诊断依据是美国精神病学协会(APA)的《诊断与统计手册--第五版》(DSM-5)。数据分析使用 SPSS 16 版本进行。数据以频率、平均值、标准差和卡方检验、独立 t 检验计算,P 值小于 0.05 视为具有统计学意义:根据 DSM-V 标准,PMDD 患病率为 41(36.28%)。PMDD与痛经(P=0.030)和咖啡因饮料摄入量(P=0.034)有明显相关性:结论:PMDD在尼泊尔医学生中很普遍。与痛经和摄入含咖啡因饮料相关的潜在风险因素。
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