Prevalence of the t(11; 14)(q13; q32) immunoglobulin H/CCND1 in Mexican mestizos with multiple myeloma: A single institution experience

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells in which significant heterogeneity has been demonstrated, both cytogenetically and molecularly. Translocation (11;14)(q13;q32), involving the CCND1 gene, has been described as the most common one, its estimated prevalence being around 15%–24%. The objective of the study was to report the prevalence of t(11;14) in Mexican individuals with MM in a single institution. A descriptive cross-sectional study in 26 patients with MM undergoing a fluorescence in situ hybridization study with fluorescent probes for the detection of t(11;14) employing a fluorescence microscope and studying 200 interphase nuclei, referred to Laboratorios Ruiz and Synlab, Puebla, México from 2017 to 2021. The t(11;14) was found in 5 (19%) of the cases. Data on the clinical evolution of the patients was not available. In the 26 subjects, serum immunofixation was performed to identify the type of monoclonal gammopathy (MG), 13 (50%) were compatible with MG immunoglobulin (Ig) G-Lambda, 8 (30.7%) with IgG-Kappa, 4 (15.3%) with IgA-Lambda, and 1 (4%) with IgA-Kappa. Of the five individuals positive for t(11;14), four were IgG Lambda and one IgG Kappa. The presence of t(11;14) in our cohort is similar to that reported in other populations. The clinical implications of the t(11;14) translocation in MM have been observed in various populations, but further studies are needed to comprehensively assess its relationship to the clinical course of the disease.