Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation, Grey- Scale and Colour Doppler findings: A Case Report and Review

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations can either be congenital or acquired and are rare vascular disorders seen in women of child bearing age, with varied presentation. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to life threatening haemorrhage. Imaging, particularly grey scale and color Doppler ultrasonography play a major role in the prompt diagnosis of this condition as the findings are useful when differentiating between the types as well as in planning the management of these patients. Objectives: To make a report of a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a young female patient with a review of relevant literature as well as to highlight the importance of Colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of uterine lesions. Case Presentation: The case is of a 36year old female patient with a 2 years history of amenorrhoea following multiple sessions of dilatation and curettage. She also had chemotherapy due to choriocarcinoma. Pregnancy test was negative. Pelvic ultrasound scan done showed multiple cystic tubular spaces that were hypervascular on colour Doppler interrogation. High velocities and low RI values were recorded. Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are important rare vascular disorders of the uterine vessels that need to be recognized early on imaging for appropriate management to be instituted.