Tracheostomy is associated with decreased vasoactive-inotropic score in postoperative cardiac surgery patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation

Abstract

Objective

We sought to quantify the influence that tracheostomy placement has on the hemodynamic stability of postoperative cardiac surgery patients with persistent ventilatory requirements.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center, and observational analysis of postoperative cardiac surgery patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation who underwent tracheostomy placement from 2018 to 2022 was conducted. Patients were excluded if receiving mechanical circulatory support or if they had an unrelated significant complication 3 days surrounding tracheostomy placement. Vasoactive and inotropic requirements were quantified using the Vasoactive-Inotrope Score.

Results

Sixty-one patients were identified, of whom 58 met inclusion criteria. The median vasoactive-inotrope score over the 3 days before tracheostomy compared with 3 days after decreased from 3.35 days (interquartile range, 0-8.79) to 0 days (interquartile range, 0-7.79 days) (P = .027). Graphic representation of this trend demonstrates a clear inflection point at the time of tracheostomy. Also, after tracheostomy placement, fewer patients were on vasoactive/inotropic infusions (67.2% [n = 39] pre vs 24.1% [n = 14] post; P < .001) and sedative infusions (62.1% [n = 36] pre vs 27.6% [n = 16] post; P < .001). The percent of patients on active mechanical ventilation did not differ.

Conclusions

The median vasoactive-inotrope score in cardiac surgery patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced after tracheostomy placement. There was also a significant reduction in the number of patients on vasoactive/inotropic and sedative infusions 3 days after tracheostomy. These data suggest that tracheostomy has a positive effect on the hemodynamic stability of patients after cardiac surgery and should be considered to facilitate postoperative recovery.