A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles: An Update

Abstract

Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria, including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+ to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.