Exploring the lived experiences and perspectives of individuals with communication and swallowing difficulties associated with Long-COVID

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Long-COVID occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection. Long-COVID can affect individuals who experience both mild and severe acute COVID-19 and can involve and affect multiple body systems. Research thus far acknowledges swallowing and communication difficulties as a characteristic of Long-COVID, however, this research lacks detail and does not address the psychosocial impact of these problems. OBJECTIVES: To establish an understanding of the presence, severity, and trajectory of swallowing and communication difficulties as a symptom of Long-COVID among adults. To investigate the psychosocial impact of these characteristics and explore supports and barriers to recovery. METHODS: The objectives were addressed by utilizing a qualitative research design. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants using online Zoom sessions. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Seven participants from Ireland, Scotland and Australia were interviewed. Four main themes were identified including dysphagia-related issues, communication-related issues, psychosocial impact of dysphagia and communication disorders, and accessing Long-COVID related healthcare for dysphagia and communication disorders. The presentation of swallowing and communication problems was diverse and had significant psychosocial and mental health consequences. Furthermore, access to healthcare services to effectively treat these issues was challenging. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of recognition of swallowing and communication as a symptom of Long-COVID and its adverse effects is a pertinent issue which warrants further research and updated guidelines for individuals living with Long-COVID and healthcare professionals alike.