Spatio-temporal patterns of groundwater level changes in southwestern Indian Punjab

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI:10.2166/ws.2024.020

Arvind Dhaloiya, J. P. Singh

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Abstract

The study aimed to assess the dynamic behavior of groundwater levels (GWLs) in the southwestern districts (SWDs) of Indian Punjab, focusing on the spatial and temporal distribution of waterlogged and overexploited areas before and after the monsoon seasons. The research examined GWL data spanning 48 years (1973–2020) and a geographical information system was employed to map the GWL in the region to visualize GWL fluctuations throughout the study area. The findings revealed significant variations in GWL within Punjab's SWDs during different seasons. The maximum waterlogged area was found to be 97,350, 56,080, 21,730, 52,790, 6,760, and 2,910 ha during 1973 (Faridkot), 1981 (Ferozepur), 1991, 2000, 2010 (Sri Muktsar Sahib), and 2020 (Fazilka), respectively. However, the waterlogged and potential waterlogging area is being observed in the Fazilka district covering about one-third (32.52%) of the total area during 2020. The study identified that 45% of the study area faced the risk of overexploitation, 46% was considered safe, and 9% was either waterlogged or at risk of waterlogging. Over 48 years, the study demonstrated the dynamic nature of waterlogged and potentially waterlogged areas in the SWD of Punjab, including Ferozepur to Fazilka via Faridkot and Sri Muktsar Sahib districts.

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印度旁遮普邦西南部地下水位变化的时空模式

该研究旨在评估印度旁遮普邦西南部地区（SWDs）地下水位（GWLs）的动态行为，重点关注季风季节前后内涝和过度开采地区的时空分布。研究考察了跨越 48 年（1973-2020 年）的全球降水量数据，并采用地理信息系统绘制了该地区的全球降水量地图，以直观显示整个研究区域的全球降水量波动情况。研究结果表明，不同季节旁遮普西南干旱区的全球降水量变化很大。1973 年（法里德科特）、1981 年（费罗泽布尔）、1991 年、2000 年、2010 年（斯里穆克扎尔萨希布）和 2020 年（法齐尔卡）的最大内涝面积分别为 97,350 公顷、56,080 公顷、21,730 公顷、52,790 公顷、6,760 公顷和 2,910 公顷。然而，法济尔卡地区的内涝和潜在内涝面积在 2020 年期间约占总面积的三分之一（32.52%）。研究发现，45% 的研究区域面临过度开发的风险，46% 的区域被认为是安全的，9% 的区域处于内涝或有内涝风险。在 48 年的时间里，该研究显示了旁遮普西南干旱区（包括费罗泽布尔经法里德科特和斯里穆克扎尔萨希布地区到法齐尔卡）内涝和潜在内涝地区的动态性质。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Water Supply

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