Preparation of Nanoporous Carbon from Rice Husk with Improved Textural Characteristics for Hydrogen Sorption

B. Lesbayev, Nurgali Rakhymzhan, Gaukhar Ustayeva, Yerkebulan Maral, M. Atamanov, Moldir Auyelkhankyzy, Ayazhan Zhamash
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Abstract

This study proposes a method to control the pore-forming process by performing preliminary mechanical activation of the initial rice husk before carbonization. Preliminary mechanical activation of the initial rice husk leads to the loosening of the intercellular substance and its partial depolymerization, thereby increasing the availability of its internal structure for pore formation during carbonization and chemical activation. Using the method described above, nanoporous carbon was obtained with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-calculated specific surface area of 2713 m2/g, a micropore specific surface area calculated by using the Dubinina–Radushkevich (D-R) method of 3099 m2/g, and a total pore volume calculated by using the Barett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method of 1.625 cm3/g. Due to these characteristics, the adsorption capacity in the obtained sample was for hydrogen 3.7 wt.% at a temperature of −190 °C and a pressure of 9 kgf/cm2, which is 29.7% higher than the adsorption capacity of nanoporous carbon obtained based on rice husk without mechanical activation. The composite “carbon–platinum” NC-2/Pt10%, at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 9 kgf/cm2, showed an increase in sorption capacity of 27% compared to pure nanoporous carbon NC-2, which is explained by the emergence of the spillover effect.
利用稻壳制备具有更好吸氢纹理特征的纳米多孔碳
本研究提出了一种在碳化前对初始稻壳进行初步机械活化以控制孔隙形成过程的方法。对初始稻壳进行初步机械活化可使细胞间质疏松并部分解聚,从而增加其内部结构的可用性,以便在碳化和化学活化过程中形成孔隙。采用上述方法制得的纳米多孔碳的布鲁纳-埃美特-泰勒(BET)计算比表面积为 2713 平方米/克,采用杜比尼纳-拉杜什克维奇(D-R)方法计算的微孔比表面积为 3099 平方米/克,采用巴雷特-乔伊纳-哈伦达(BJH)方法计算的总孔隙体积为 1.625 立方厘米/克。基于这些特性,在温度为 -190 ℃、压力为 9 kgf/cm2 的条件下,所获得样品对氢气的吸附容量为 3.7 wt.%,比基于稻壳而未经过机械活化的纳米多孔碳的吸附容量高出 29.7%。在温度为 20 ℃、压力为 9 kgf/cm2 的条件下,"碳-铂 "复合材料 NC-2/Pt10% 的吸附能力比纯纳米多孔碳 NC-2 提高了 27%,这是因为出现了溢出效应。
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