Ecotypic variation in multiple traits of European beech: selection of suitable provenances based on performance and stability

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Katharina J. Liepe, Ernst van der Maaten, Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen, Jonathan M. Kormann, Heino Wolf, Mirko Liesebach
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Abstract

Induced by climate change associated disturbances and further promoted by changes in forest management, the proportion of European beech, a highly competitive climax species, is increasing in Central Europe. However, its climatic stability is questioned by the recent loss of vitality. In this regard, the evaluation of seed sources used for reforestation receives great attention. Here, we present a multi-trait evaluation of height, basal area and stem quality assessed over 25 years for 85 provenances grown at three sites in northern, western and eastern Germany. Considerable provenance differentiation exists, explaining 21% (proportion of trees with acceptable stem form) to 45% (basal area) of the variance on single sites and 20 to 39% across sites, while provenance by environment interactions are absent. On the landscape level, this results in distinct patterns with spatially adjacent provenances showing a similar trait expression. These patterns are highly similar for height and basal area but divergent for stem form. They could be directly linked to geographic variables with multivariate regression tree analysis that captured 58% of the phenotypic variation, delineating eleven ‘ecotypes’ shaped by local adaptation. A selection based on two multi-trait indices gives highly concordant results. Particularly, the intermediate elevations of the central highlands in Western Germany host highly suitable provenances. Lower elevation provenances from continental climates in the south-east profit from the transfer to favorable growing conditions. Since the majority of provenances was already exposed to elevated temperatures compared to their origin during the observation period, this study gives a first indication for the potential benefits of assisted migration facing climate change.

Abstract Image

欧洲山毛榉多种性状的生态型变异:根据性能和稳定性选择合适的产地
在气候变化相关干扰的诱导下,以及森林管理变革的进一步推动下,欧洲山毛榉这一极具竞争力的高潮树种在中欧的比例正在增加。然而,欧洲山毛榉最近丧失了生命力,其气候稳定性受到质疑。因此,用于重新造林的种源评估受到了极大关注。在此,我们对德国北部、西部和东部三个地点种植的 85 个种源进行了为期 25 年的高度、基部面积和茎秆质量的多性状评估。在单个地点,有相当大的原产地差异,可解释21%(具有可接受茎干形态的树木比例)至45%(基部面积)的差异,在跨地点差异中可解释20%至39%的差异,而原产地与环境之间不存在相互作用。在景观层面上,这导致了不同的模式,空间上相邻的产地表现出相似的性状表达。这些模式在高度和基部面积上高度相似,但在茎干形态上却存在差异。通过多变量回归树分析,可以将它们与地理变量直接联系起来,从而捕捉到 58% 的表型变异,并划分出 11 个由当地适应性形成的 "生态型"。基于两个多性状指数的筛选结果高度一致。特别是德国西部中部高原的中间海拔地区,拥有非常适合的产地。东南部大陆性气候条件下的低海拔产地则从有利的生长条件中获益。由于大部分产地在观测期间已经暴露在比原产地更高的温度下,因此这项研究首次表明了面对气候变化进行辅助迁移的潜在益处。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
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