Association of Dryocola boscaweniae, Gibbsiella greigii and Gibbsiella quercinecans with oak decline in Iran

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Mohammad-Hossein Araeinejhad, Nargues Falahi Chrakhabi, Heshmat Rahimian, Carrie Brady
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Abstract

Tree decline is described as the loss in tree vigor and increased mortality initiated by climate change events, and also involves pathogens and pests. Stem bleeding and bark canker of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) were observed in Mazandaran and Golestan forests during summer 2020–2021. Symptoms included cracks in the outer bark, stem tissue necrosis, bleeding, dark exudate and dark brown lesions in the inner bark. Eighty-nine strains with a metallic green sheen pigment were isolated on eosin methylene blue agar. The pathogenicity of all strains recovered in this study was assessed on oak seedlings and acorns. Forty-four strains produced rotting on oak acorns 2 weeks after inoculation. Inoculation of six representative strains on oak seedlings resulted in twig dieback of the plants after 4 weeks. Strains were negative for Gram reaction, oxidase and levan formation from sucrose. The gyrB and infB gene sequence similarity values of strains were 98.87–99.57% with the type strain of Gibbsiella quercinecans, 98.66–98.86% with the type strain of Gibbsiella greigii and 99.46–99.64% with the type strain of Dryocola boscaweniae. In the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of gyrB and infB genes or each gene individually, the strains were divided into three clusters containing the type strains of G. quercinecans, G. greigii and D. boscaweniae, each with high bootstrap support and confirming their identity as belonging to these three species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of oak bacterial canker caused by D. boscaweniae, G. greigii and G. quercinecans in Iran and the first report of D. boscaweniae associated with oak decline symptoms.

Abstract Image

伊朗橡树衰退与 Dryocola boscaweniae、Gibbsiella greigii 和 Gibbsiella quercinecans 的关系
树木衰退是指气候变化事件导致树木失去活力和死亡率上升,也涉及病原体和害虫。2020-2021 年夏季,在马赞达兰和戈勒斯坦的森林中观察到了橡树(Quercus castaneifolia)的茎出血和树皮腐烂现象。症状包括外树皮裂缝、茎组织坏死、出血、深色渗出物和内树皮深褐色病变。在伊红亚甲基蓝琼脂上分离出 89 株带有金属光泽的菌株。本研究对所有菌株在橡树幼苗和橡子上的致病性进行了评估。接种 2 周后,44 株菌株在橡树橡子上产生腐烂。在橡树幼苗上接种六种代表性菌株,4 周后植株枝干枯萎。菌株的革兰氏反应、氧化酶和蔗糖形成的利凡氏菌均为阴性。菌株的gyrB和infB基因序列与槲皮吉布斯菌(Gibbsiella quercinecans)模式菌株的相似度为98.87%-99.57%,与格雷基吉布斯菌(Gibbsiella greigii)模式菌株的相似度为98.66%-98.86%,与布氏干胶菌(Dryocola boscaweniae)模式菌株的相似度为99.46%-99.64%。在基于gyrB和infB基因序列或每个基因单独序列的系统发生树中,菌株被分为三个群,分别包含G. quercinecans、G. greigii和D. boscaweniae的模式菌株,每个群的引导支持率都很高,证实了它们属于这三个物种。据我们所知,这是伊朗首次报道由 D. boscaweniae、G. greigii 和 G. quercinecans 引起的橡树细菌性腐烂病,也是首次报道 D. boscaweniae 与橡树衰退症状有关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
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