Advances in Brain–Gut–Microbiome Interactions: A Comprehensive Update on Signaling Mechanisms, Disorders, and Therapeutic Implications

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.024

Tien S. Dong , Emeran Mayer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The complex, bidirectional interactions between the brain, the gut, and the gut microbes are best referred to as the brain gut microbiome system. Animal and clinical studies have identified specific signaling mechanisms within this system, with gut microbes communicating to the brain through neuronal, endocrine, and immune pathways. The brain, in turn, modulates the composition and function of the gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system, regulating gut motility, secretion, permeability, and the release of hormones impacting microbial gene expression. Perturbations at any level of these interactions can disrupt the intricate balance, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of intestinal, metabolic, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding these interactions and their underlying mechanisms holds promise for identifying biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets, and for developing more effective treatment strategies for these complex disorders. Continued research will advance our knowledge of this system, with the potential for improved understanding and management of a wide range of disorders. This review provides an update on the current state of knowledge regarding this system, with a focus on recent advancements and emerging research areas.

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脑-肠-微生物组相互作用的进展：信号机制、疾病和治疗意义的全面更新。

大脑、肠道和肠道微生物之间复杂的双向互动被称为脑-肠道微生物组系统。动物和临床研究已经确定了这一系统中的特定信号机制，肠道微生物通过神经元、内分泌和免疫途径与大脑进行交流。反过来，大脑通过自主神经系统调节肠道微生物群的组成和功能，调节肠道蠕动、分泌和渗透性，并释放影响微生物基因表达的激素。这些相互作用中任何一个层面的干扰都会破坏错综复杂的平衡，从而可能导致肠道、代谢、神经和精神疾病的发病机制。了解这些相互作用及其内在机制有望确定生物标志物和新的治疗靶点，并为这些复杂的疾病制定更有效的治疗策略。持续的研究将增进我们对这一系统的了解，从而有可能改善对各种疾病的理解和治疗。本综述介绍了有关该系统的最新知识现状，重点关注最新进展和新兴研究领域。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicine-Gastroenterology

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

2.80%

发文量

246

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： "Cell and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CMGH)" is a journal dedicated to advancing the understanding of digestive biology through impactful research that spans the spectrum of normal gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic functions, as well as their pathologies. The journal's mission is to publish high-quality, hypothesis-driven studies that offer mechanistic novelty and are methodologically robust, covering a wide range of themes in gastroenterology, hepatology, and pancreatology. CMGH reports on the latest scientific advances in cell biology, immunology, physiology, microbiology, genetics, and neurobiology related to gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic health and disease. The research published in CMGH is designed to address significant questions in the field, utilizing a variety of experimental approaches, including in vitro models, patient-derived tissues or cells, and animal models. This multifaceted approach enables the journal to contribute to both fundamental discoveries and their translation into clinical applications, ultimately aiming to improve patient care and treatment outcomes in digestive health.