Estimating daily subsurface thermohaline structure from satellite data: A deep network with embedded empirical orthogonal functions

IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY
Hengqian Yan, Ren Zhang, Huizan Wang, Senliang Bao, Yongchui Zhang, Mei Hong
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Estimating subsurface thermohaline structure from concurrent satellite data is a meaningful way to enrich internal oceanic observations. As a powerful tool for data mining, many studies have used machine learning in subsurface reconstruction, but most conventional applications have been purely black-box in nature without further consideration of oceanic characteristics. Instead, proposed here for the first time is a semi-explicit deep network for reconstructing the oceanic interior from surface data. Named EEFFNN, the method embeds empirical orthogonal functions extracted from reanalysis data (the EE part of the name) into the inner framework of a feed-forward neural network (the FFNN part of the name). Comparison with Argo profiles and reanalysis data shows that EEFFNN can significantly outperform conventional machine-learning algorithms in estimating subsurface thermohaline structures and especially subsurface-intensified eddies. Also, EEFFNN can perform thermohaline reconstruction in one pass, making it more lightweight than “shallow” machine-learning algorithms such as random forest. Overall, EEFFNN shows promise for being applied to operational thermohaline reconstruction in the near future.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

从卫星数据估算每日次表层温盐结构:内嵌经验正交函数的深度网络
从同期卫星数据中估算次表层温盐结构是丰富内部海洋观测数据的一种有意义的方法。作为一种强大的数据挖掘工具,许多研究都将机器学习用于次表层重建,但大多数传统应用都是纯粹的黑箱性质,没有进一步考虑海洋特征。本文首次提出了一种半显式深度网络,用于从表面数据重建海洋内部。该方法被命名为 EEFFNN,它将从再分析数据(名称中的 EE 部分)中提取的经验正交函数嵌入到前馈神经网络(名称中的 FFNN 部分)的内部框架中。与 Argo 剖面图和再分析数据的比较表明,EEFFNN 在估算次表层温盐结构,特别是次表层强化涡方面的性能明显优于传统的机器学习算法。此外,EEFFNN 还能一次性完成温盐重建,比随机森林等 "浅层 "机器学习算法更轻便。总之,EEFFNN 有希望在不久的将来应用于实际的温盐重建。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
144
审稿时长
18.3 weeks
期刊介绍: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers is devoted to the publication of the results of original scientific research, including theoretical work of evident oceanographic applicability; and the solution of instrumental or methodological problems with evidence of successful use. The journal is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and its breadth, covering the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean and its boundaries with the sea floor and the atmosphere. In addition to regular "Research Papers" and "Instruments and Methods" papers, briefer communications may be published as "Notes". Supplemental matter, such as extensive data tables or graphs and multimedia content, may be published as electronic appendices.
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