Removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from blackwater via an integrated nature-based system: hybrid-vertical flow constructed wetland, upflow anaerobic fixed biofilm reactor, and granular activated charcoal column along with in situ electrochlorination disinfection

Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2166/washdev.2024.064

Jayanta Kumar Gogoi, Srikanth Mutnuri

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The H-VFCW filter bed layer's redox zonation and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were designed optimally with the potential of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological phosphorous removal. The UAFBR optimisation for residual nitrate removal was based on the carbon -nitrogen ratio, HRT, and biofilm growth on carriers. Complete disinfection was achieved by optimised in situ electrochlorination by dosing 0.16% sodium chloride, with 20 min of electrolysis and 44.48 Am<sup>−2</sup> of current density. The power consumption was 1.81±0.14 KWhm<sup>−3</sup>. Ammonia volatilisation was studied on a granular activated charcoal column (GACC) column to remove residual TAN as the final treatment. The integrated treatment system removed 98.63 ± 0.15% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 97.09 ± 0.19% total nitrogen (TN), 93.96 ± 0.34% nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), 97.92 ± 0.2% TAN, 99.62 ± 1% orthophosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>), 87.49 ± 0.36% total suspended solids (TSS), and 100% <em>Coliform</em>, with the final effluent pH of 8.4 ± 0.08. The microbial and functional annotation diversity of the UAFBR biofilm was studied. The treatment systems achieved the Central Pollution Control Board (India) effluent discharge standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":501558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.064","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

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The hybrid vertical-flow constructed wetland (H-VFCW) sequenced with an upflow anaerobic fixed biofilm reactor (UAFBR) was developed to treat blackwater for single households. The H-VFCW filter bed layer's redox zonation and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were designed optimally with the potential of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological phosphorous removal. The UAFBR optimisation for residual nitrate removal was based on the carbon -nitrogen ratio, HRT, and biofilm growth on carriers. Complete disinfection was achieved by optimised in situ electrochlorination by dosing 0.16% sodium chloride, with 20 min of electrolysis and 44.48 Am⁻² of current density. The power consumption was 1.81±0.14 KWhm⁻³. Ammonia volatilisation was studied on a granular activated charcoal column (GACC) column to remove residual TAN as the final treatment. The integrated treatment system removed 98.63 ± 0.15% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 97.09 ± 0.19% total nitrogen (TN), 93.96 ± 0.34% nitrate (NO₃⁻), 97.92 ± 0.2% TAN, 99.62 ± 1% orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻), 87.49 ± 0.36% total suspended solids (TSS), and 100% Coliform, with the final effluent pH of 8.4 ± 0.08. The microbial and functional annotation diversity of the UAFBR biofilm was studied. The treatment systems achieved the Central Pollution Control Board (India) effluent discharge standards.

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通过基于自然的综合系统去除黑水中的氮和磷：混合垂直流建造湿地、上流式厌氧固定生物膜反应器、颗粒活性炭柱以及原位电氯化消毒法

View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide Close modal该混合垂直流构造湿地（H-VFCW）与上流式厌氧固定生物膜反应器（UAFBR）的组合是为了处理单户家庭的黑水而开发的。对 H-VFCW 滤床层的氧化还原分区和水力停留时间（HRT）进行了优化设计，以同时实现硝化、反硝化和强化生物除磷。根据碳氮比、水力停留时间和载体上生物膜的生长情况，对 UAFBR 进行了优化，以去除残留硝酸盐。通过优化原位电氯化，投加 0.16% 的氯化钠，电解时间为 20 分钟，电流密度为 44.48 Am-2，实现了完全消毒。耗电量为 1.81±0.14 KWhm-3。在粒状活性炭柱 (GACC) 上研究了氨挥发，以去除残留的 TAN 作为最终处理。综合处理系统可去除 98.63 ± 0.15% 化学需氧量 (COD)、97.09 ± 0.19% 总氮 (TN)、93.96 ± 0.34% 硝酸盐 (NO3-)、97.92 ± 0.2% 总氨氮 (TAN)、99.62 ± 1% 正磷酸盐 (PO43-)、87.49 ± 0.36% 总悬浮固体 (TSS) 和 100% 大肠菌群，最终出水 pH 值为 8.4 ± 0.08。对 UAFBR 生物膜的微生物和功能注释多样性进行了研究。处理系统达到了印度中央污染控制委员会的污水排放标准。

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Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development

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