Intra-site variability – Analysis, characterization, and cultural affiliation of the Upper Paleolithic sequence of Manot Cave (western Galilee, Israel)

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI:10.1016/j.ara.2024.100501

Maayan Shemer , Omry Barzilai , Elisabetta Boaretto , Israel Hershkovitz , Ron Lavi , Lotan Edeltin , Ofer Marder

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Abstract

The site of Manot Cave in western Galilee, Israel, has been a focus of research on the Levantine Upper Paleolithic since its discovery in 2008. Thick archaeological accumulations and good preservation of organic remains, including charcoal fragments, provided a stable base for the study of the Upper Paleolithic chrono-cultural sequence, alongside the paleoenvironmental conditions at the time of human occupations. Past research indicated the presence of at least three cultural entities in the cave: Early Ahmarian, Levantine Aurignacian, and a younger entity temporarily referred to as ‘post-Levantine Aurignacian’, while radiocarbon and isotope dating provided a preliminary chronological frame ca. 46–34 ky calBP.

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the unpublished, in-situ occupation layers identified near the entrance to the cave (Area E). This study, encompassing stratigraphic reconstruction and lithic analysis of eight distinct occupation layers, presents a refined chronological frame and revised cultural affiliations. It suggests a division of the sequence from Area E into three main occupation phases: Phase 3, containing a combination of technological and typological attributes comparable to both the Early Ahmarian and Levantine Aurignacian, to which a secure cultural affiliation is pending further research; Phase 2, containing ‘classic’ Levantine Aurignacian industries, dated ca. 37.5–36.0 ky calBP; and Phase 1, contains industries with increasing microlithic dominance, and the prominent presence of truncation burins and items with lateral carination, affiliated here with the Atlitian of the Levantine Mediterranean region. Radiocarbon chronology indicates a maximum age of ca. 34.5–33.1 ky calBP for this occupation phase.

This study establishes Manot Cave as a key site for the study of Levantine Upper Paleolithic cultural dynamics, providing a unique, well-dated sequence and comparable techno-typological data of the flint industries.

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遗址内的变异--马诺特洞穴（以色列加利利西部）旧石器时代上层序列的分析、特征描述和文化归属

以色列加利利西部的马诺特洞穴遗址自 2008 年发现以来，一直是研究黎凡特上旧石器时代的重点。厚厚的考古堆积和保存完好的有机遗物（包括木炭碎片）为研究旧石器时代上层的年代文化序列以及人类居住时期的古环境条件提供了一个稳定的基础。过去的研究表明，洞穴中至少存在三种文化实体：同时，放射性碳和同位素测年提供了一个初步的年代框架，约为 46-34 ky calBP。本文对洞穴入口（E 区）附近发现的未发表的原址占层进行了全面研究。这项研究包括地层重建和对八个不同占据层的石器分析，提出了一个完善的年代框架和经过修订的文化隶属关系。它建议将 E 区的序列划分为三个主要占领阶段：第 3 阶段，包含与早期阿马利亚人和黎凡特奥里尼亚克人相当的技术和类型属性组合，其可靠的文化归属有待进一步研究；第 2 阶段，包含 "经典的 "黎凡特奥里尼亚克人工业，年代约为 37.5-36.0 ky calBP；第 1 阶段，包含越来越多的微石器占主导地位的工业，以及显著存在的截断錾子和具有侧刻纹的物品，在此与地中海黎凡特地区的阿特里亚人相关联。这项研究将马诺特洞穴确定为研究黎凡特上旧石器时代文化动态的重要遗址，提供了一个独特的、年代明确的序列和可比较的燧石工业技术类型学数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archaeological Research in Asia ARCHAEOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

13.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Archaeological Research in Asia presents high quality scholarly research conducted in between the Bosporus and the Pacific on a broad range of archaeological subjects of importance to audiences across Asia and around the world. The journal covers the traditional components of archaeology: placing events and patterns in time and space; analysis of past lifeways; and explanations for cultural processes and change. To this end, the publication will highlight theoretical and methodological advances in studying the past, present new data, and detail patterns that reshape our understanding of it. Archaeological Research in Asia publishes work on the full temporal range of archaeological inquiry from the earliest human presence in Asia with a special emphasis on time periods under-represented in other venues. Journal contributions are of three kinds: articles, case reports and short communications. Full length articles should present synthetic treatments, novel analyses, or theoretical approaches to unresolved issues. Case reports present basic data on subjects that are of broad interest because they represent key sites, sequences, and subjects that figure prominently, or should figure prominently, in how scholars both inside and outside Asia understand the archaeology of cultural and biological change through time. Short communications present new findings (e.g., radiocarbon dates) that are important to the extent that they reaffirm or change the way scholars in Asia and around the world think about Asian cultural or biological history.