Development of bismuth-based solutions for well plugging and abandonment: A review

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Lewaa Hmadeh, Marcelo Anunciação Jaculli, Behzad Elahifar, Sigbjørn Sangesland
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Plugging and abandonment (P&A) is a crucial step of the well life cycle. Regardless of how long one stretches the productive life of a well, P&A operations will have to be carried out eventually. The current panorama of our industry includes many wells to be plugged and abandoned, with steep requirements to abide by both regulations and societal pressure. In this context, we must guarantee that no leakage occurs with an eternal perspective in mind. Cement has been the prime material for this task, but recent studies have indicated the potential of degradation over time – especially in corrosive environments – and the creation of leaking paths due to its shrinkage. This has opened up a path toward the usage of alternative materials. One of the emerging candidates is bismuth, a metal with the unique characteristic of expanding when solidified. Such a trait could improve the overall sealability of wellbores and especially during P&A. This article discusses the current status of bismuth sealing technologies, introducing the basics of bismuth, the ongoing efforts to qualify it as a barrier material, its potential applications, and the challenges that still need to be overcome. The latest research indicates promising results in terms of its usage as a barrier element.

开发用于堵井和弃井的铋基解决方案:综述
堵漏和弃井(P&A)是油井生命周期中的一个关键步骤。无论油井的生产寿命有多长,最终都必须进行 P&A 作业。目前,我们行业的全景图包括许多需要封堵和废弃的油井,这些油井必须遵守相关法规并承受社会压力。在这种情况下,我们必须从长远角度出发,确保不发生泄漏。水泥一直是完成这项任务的主要材料,但最近的研究表明,随着时间的推移(尤其是在腐蚀性环境中),水泥可能会发生降解,并因收缩而产生泄漏通道。这就为使用替代材料开辟了道路。铋是新出现的候选材料之一,这种金属具有凝固时膨胀的独特特性。这种特性可以提高井筒的整体密封性,尤其是在 P&A 过程中。本文讨论了铋密封技术的现状,介绍了铋的基本原理、目前将铋鉴定为阻隔材料的工作、铋的潜在应用以及仍需克服的挑战。最新研究表明,将铋用作阻隔元素的前景看好。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Petroleum Research
Petroleum Research Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geology
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
90
审稿时长
35 weeks
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