Caring and loving teachers online: personality in the feminized labour of Filipina English Language teachers

IF 1.1 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
William Simpson, Misako Tajima
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Abstract

What kind of people are language teachers? In this article we address this question by examining commercial forms of language teaching in which personality functions in the evaluation of particular teachers as “good” or “suitable” for particular learners. We relate commercial forms of the online teaching of English to global political economic changes in which affective labour in service work, and the feminization of labour, have involved new gendered relations between the global North and South in recent decades. We focus on the emergence of particular forms of commercial online English teaching that bring Filipina teacher labour into relation with Japanese learners as customers. We relate the affective nature of the labour Filipina teachers are expected to perform, in terms of being teachers who are kind, cheerful, always smiling, and able to produce a feeling of ease or relaxation in their learner-customers, to the feminization of labour in service industries more broadly. We present the feminized affective labour of Filipina teachers of English, as an illustration of the partiality and situatedness of discourses of personality in online platforms and customer reviews. Here, personality becomes salient for teachers within particular gendered and racialised relations, where personality serves a substitutionary role in compensating for professional skill, knowledge or nativeness. As such, discourses of personality draw on patriarchal notions of women as “naturally caring” or “working out of love” which permeate low paid and precarious forms of language teaching. We conclude by discussing future directions and issues for work which examines the object of teachers’ care or love – caring or loving for who or what?
关爱在线教师:菲律宾英语教师女性化劳动中的人格魅力
语言教师是什么样的人?在这篇文章中,我们通过研究语言教学的商业形式来探讨这个问题,在这些形式中,个性在评价特定教师是否 "优秀 "或 "适合 "特定学习者方面发挥着作用。我们将在线英语教学的商业形式与全球政治经济变革联系起来,在这种变革中,服务工作中的情感劳动以及劳动的女性化,在近几十年中涉及到全球南北之间新的性别关系。我们将重点放在特殊形式的商业在线英语教学的出现上,它将菲律宾教师的劳动与作为客户的日本学习者联系在一起。我们将菲律宾女教师所从事的劳动的情感性质与服务行业中更广泛的劳动女性化联系起来,即教师要亲切、开朗、总是面带微笑,并能让学习者--顾客产生轻松或放松的感觉。我们介绍了菲律宾英语教师的女性化情感劳动,以此说明在线平台和客户评论中人格话语的偏颇性和情景性。在这里,教师的个性在特定的性别和种族关系中变得突出,个性在补偿专业技能、知识或本土性方面起到了替代作用。因此,关于个性的论述借鉴了父权制观念,即女性 "天生具有爱心 "或 "因爱而工作",这些观念渗透到低薪和不稳定的语言教学中。最后,我们讨论了研究教师关心或爱护的对象--关心或爱护谁或什么?
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
International Journal of the Sociology of Language Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
66
期刊介绍: The International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL) is dedicated to the development of the sociology of language as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches – theoretical and empirical – supplement and complement each other, contributing thereby to the growth of language-related knowledge, applications, values and sensitivities. Five of the journal''s annual issues are topically focused, all of the articles in such issues being commissioned in advance, after acceptance of proposals. One annual issue is reserved for single articles on the sociology of language. Selected issues throughout the year also feature a contribution on small languages and small language communities.
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