A survey of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in Enterococcus species isolated from poultry farms in Benin City, Nigeria

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI:10.4314/ajcem.v25i1.9

B. Isichei-Ukah, O. Akinnibosun, C.N. Nwaka, E. Igbinosa

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Abstract

Background: Enterococci are commensal bacteria resident in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. However, their increasing resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents remain a global threat. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence factors of Enterococcus isolated from selected poultry farms in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: Sixty samples (20 feed, 20 water and 20 faecal samples) were randomly collected from five selected poultry farms in different commercial farming areas between August and September 2020. The samples were first enriched in Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) and then cultured on Bile Aesculin Azide (BAA) agar aerobically at 37oC for 18-24 hours. Black colonies on BAA agar were presumptively identified as Enterococcus and confirmed by conventional biochemical tests and Analytical Profile Index (API) rapid ID 32 STREP. Theantibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The virulence factors and biofilm formation were evaluated using standard bacteriological and microtitre plate methods. Results: In total, Enterococcus-positive samples were 32/60 (53.3%) with a total of 45 Enterococcus isolates. The speciation of the Enterococcus isolates based on API rapid ID 32 STREP were Enterococcus faecium 15/45 (33.3%), Enterococcus faecalis 12/45 (26.7%), Enterococcus durans 8/45 (17.8%), Enterococcus casseliflavus 5/45 (11.1%) and Enterococcus hirae 5/45 (11.1%). The isolates showed the highest antibiotic resistance to ampicillin (100.0%), fosfomycin (95.6%) and penicillin G (88.9%) and the least resistance to ciprofloxacin (22.2%) and chloramphenicol (28.9%). The virulence factors of Enterococcus species observed were gelatinase, β-hemolytic and hyaluronidase activity, biofilm, and S-layer formation. The degree of biofilm formation by the Enterococcus species was strong biofilm formation (19/45, 42.2%), moderate biofilm formation (10/45, 22.2%), weak biofilm formation (11/45, 24.4%) and no biofilm formation (5/45, 11.1%). Conclusion: Findings from this study emphasized on the potential health implications associated with antimicrobial resistance and phenotypic virulence factors of Enterococcus in poultry products

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从尼日利亚贝宁市家禽养殖场分离的肠球菌抗生素耐药性和毒力因子调查

背景：肠球菌是人类和动物胃肠道中的共生菌。然而，肠球菌对临床重要抗菌药物的耐药性不断增加，这仍然是一个全球性威胁。本研究旨在确定从尼日利亚贝宁市部分家禽养殖场分离的肠球菌的流行率、抗菌药耐药性概况和毒力因素。研究方法：2020 年 8 月至 9 月期间，从不同商业养殖区的五个选定家禽养殖场随机收集了 60 份样本（20 份饲料样本、20 份水样本和 20 份粪便样本）。样品首先在胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤（TSB）中富集，然后在 37oC 下在胆汁氨酰氮（BAA）琼脂上有氧培养 18-24 小时。BAA 琼脂上的黑色菌落被推定为肠球菌，并通过常规生化测试和分析概况指数（API）快速 ID 32 STREP 加以确认。分离物的抗生素敏感性采用柯比鲍尔盘扩散法进行测定。采用标准细菌学和微孔板方法对毒力因子和生物膜形成进行了评估。结果：肠球菌阳性样本为 32/60（53.3%），共分离出 45 个肠球菌。根据 API 快速 ID 32 STREP，肠球菌分离物的种类为粪肠球菌 15/45 （33.3%）、粪肠球菌 12/45 （26.7%）、杜氏肠球菌 8/45 （17.8%）、卡氏肠球菌 5/45 （11.1%）和平滑肠球菌 5/45 （11.1%）。这些分离物对氨苄西林（100.0%）、磷霉素（95.6%）和青霉素 G（88.9%）的耐药性最高，对环丙沙星（22.2%）和氯霉素（28.9%）的耐药性最低。观察到的肠球菌毒力因子包括明胶酶、β-溶血和透明质酸酶活性、生物膜和 S 层形成。肠球菌形成生物膜的程度为强生物膜形成（19/45，42.2%）、中等生物膜形成（10/45，22.2%）、弱生物膜形成（11/45，24.4%）和无生物膜形成（5/45，11.1%）。结论本研究结果强调了家禽产品中肠球菌的抗菌药耐药性和表型毒力因子对健康的潜在影响。

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African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology

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