Examination of Physical Education and Sports Courses in Educational Systems (Germany and Türkiye Example)

Anıl Türkeli̇, S. Namli
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Abstract

It is seen that education systems all over the world have basic sciences, arts and sports courses within each structure. The importance of sports classes is increasing day by day in today's world where sedentary lifestyle increases with the age of digitalization. Physical education and sports lessons are important in order to meet the exercise needs of children who have the ability but are not able to do professional sports. When we study the historical development of physical education and sports in Turkey, we can say that it is mostly influenced by the German education system and educators after the 1920s. German gymnasts worked as physical education and sports teachers in the Ministry of Education. In short, physical education and sports education and its curriculum in the Turkish education system have been influenced by the German education system for years. The aim of this study is to examine the physical education and sports courses in Turkish and German current education systems. As a result of the research, it is seen that although Turkish-German education systems are very different from each other, there is one or more weekly lessons per class in physical education and sports curricula. It is seen that the biggest difference is in primary education. The course carried out with the name of physical education and games in the primary schools in Turkey is carried out 5 hours a week in the grades 1-3 and 2 hours a week in the 4th grade. While the average class hour of 4 years is 17 in Turkey, this number is 11 hours in Germany.
考察教育系统中的体育运动课程(德国和土耳其实例)
我们可以看到,世界各地的教育体系中都有基础科学、艺术和体育课程。在当今世界,随着数字化时代的到来,久坐不动的生活方式日益增多,体育课的重要性与日俱增。为了满足有能力但无法从事专业体育运动的儿童的锻炼需求,体育课和运动课非常重要。在研究土耳其体育运动的历史发展时,我们可以说,土耳其的体育运动主要受到了 20 世纪 20 年代后德国教育体系和教育工作者的影响。德国体操运动员曾在教育部担任体育和运动教师。总之,土耳其教育体系中的体育运动教育及其课程多年来一直受到德国教育体系的影响。本研究旨在考察土耳其和德国现行教育体系中的体育运动课程。研究结果表明,尽管土耳其和德国的教育体制大相径庭,但每班每周都有一节或多节体育课。可以看出,最大的不同在于小学教育。土耳其小学以体育和游戏为名开设的课程,1-3 年级每周 5 课时,4 年级每周 2 课时。土耳其 4 年级的平均课时为 17 小时,而德国为 11 小时。
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