The Behaviour of Building Frames on Raft Foundation using Dynamic Analysis

Abstract

When designing building frames for seismic reasons, the effect of soil flexibility is typically disregarded, and the design is executed using the outcomes of dynamic analysis with a fixed base condition. Because the overall lateral stiffness of the structure decreases as a result of soil flexibility, the lateral natural period lengthens. The building frames situated on the Raft foundation may experience a significant change in seismic response due to this extension of the lateral natural period (T). Therefore, it is imperative to consider the soil's flexibility, also known as soil structure interaction, when doing analysis on the foundation's supporting layer. This paper examines how asymmetric building frames with raft footings behave dynamically when subjected to seismic forces that involve soil-structure interaction. The analysis is performed with SAP 2000*V21 FEM software. The structure is idealized as a three-dimensional space frame, with slabs modeled as a thin shell with four noded plate elements and six degrees of freedom at each node, and beams and columns modeled as two noded line elements. The soil is represented as equivalent springs with one (Winkler) and six (Modified Winkler) degrees of freedom; the stiffness of these springs varies depending on the type of soil and is determined by its dynamic shear modulus and poissons ratio. The Modified Winkler and Winkler raft foundations are modeled as thin shells with four noded plate elements, each with six degrees of freedom, and are criticized so that the element aspect ratios are equal to one.   To assess the impact of soil structure interaction on building frames, the response is compared for a range of building frames with and without consideration of soil flexibility in terms of fundamental Natural Period, Seismic Base Shear, and Max. Lateral Displacement. The parametric study for Zone V takes into account the influence of various parameters, including the number of bays, stories, span lengths, and soil types (i.e., soft, medium, and stiff).   It is discovered that the fundamental lateral natural period and seismic base shear of the system are significantly altered by the influence of soil flexibility on building frames. As soil stiffness decreases, the lateral natural period and seismic base shear increase as a result of soil flexibility. Additionally, it has been noted that as the number of bays increases, so do the building's base shear and lateral period. As the number of bays and stories increases, so does the maximum lateral displacement.