Population dynamics of Trichoderma harzianum in bio- fortified compost against soil-borne potato diseases

Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI:10.3329/aba.v27i1.70898

Mka Bhuiyan, MT Rubayet

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Abstract

Soil-borne diseases pose significant challenges to global potato cultivation, resulting in yield losses and economic implications. Utilizing biological control agents offers a sustainable and environmentally and friendly approach to manage these diseases. Before implementing the experiment in the field, a series of in-vitro tests were conducted to select a virulent isolate of the tested pathogens and an effective antagonistic isolate of Trichoderma harzianum. In the pathogenicity test, isolate RS-1 of Rhizoctonia solani and isolate SR-8 of Sclerotium rolfsii exhibited the highest virulence against two pathogens in potato variety ‘Cardinal’ in regard to seedling mortality (44.44-88.88%). During in vitro screening, T. harzianum isolate Tri 7 displayed the greatest ability to inhibit the mycelium growth of all tested pathogens. In the field trial, the highest seedling mortality (69.06%) was observed in T2 (Fresh seeds+ Soil inoculated with R. solani and S. rolfsii). However, the highest seedling mortality (86.94%) was reduced by treatment T7 (Fresh seeds+ Soil inoculated with R. solani and S. rolfsii +500g wheat grain colonized with Trichoderma fortified poultry compost). Treatment T7 also recorded the lowest incidences of stem canker (7.83%) and stem rot (8.64%), whereas the highest disease incidences occurred in the T2 treatment plot. Notably, treatment T7 gave the highest yield of 30.94 tons/ha, while the control plot T2 yielded the lowest at 12.17 tons/ha. Initially, Trichoderma population was minimal prior to the application of Trichoderma- fortified compost. However, populations gradually increased over time, peaking at 3 months across all treatments except the control, where no Trichoderma was applied. However, a decline in T. harzianum population was noted one month after potato harvesting. This approach offers a potential solution for managing potato soil-borne diseases in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1): 81-92

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防治土传马铃薯病害的生物强化堆肥中哈茨真菌的种群动态

土传病害对全球马铃薯种植构成重大挑战，导致产量损失和经济影响。利用生物防治制剂为管理这些病害提供了一种可持续、环保的方法。在田间进行试验之前，先进行了一系列体外试验，以选择受试病原体的毒力分离株和有效的毛霉拮抗分离株。在致病性试验中，Rhizoctonia solani 的分离株 RS-1 和 Sclerotium rolfsii 的分离株 SR-8 对马铃薯品种 "Cardinal "的两种病原体表现出最高的毒力，幼苗死亡率为 44.44%-88.88%。在体外筛选过程中，T. harzianum 分离物 Tri 7 对所有测试病原体菌丝生长的抑制能力最强。在田间试验中，T2（新鲜种子+接种了 R. solani 和 S. rolfsii 的土壤）的幼苗死亡率最高（69.06%）。然而，处理 T7（新鲜种子+接种了 R. solani 和 S. rolfsii 的土壤+500 克添加了毛霉菌的家禽堆肥的小麦粒）降低了最高的幼苗死亡率（86.94%）。T7 处理的茎腐病（7.83%）和茎腐病（8.64%）发病率也最低，而 T2 处理小区的发病率最高。值得注意的是，处理 T7 的产量最高，为 30.94 吨/公顷，而对照小区 T2 的产量最低，为 12.17 吨/公顷。在施用毛霉菌强化堆肥之前，毛霉菌的数量最初极少。然而，随着时间的推移，种群数量逐渐增加，在 3 个月时，所有处理中的种群数量都达到了顶峰，但未施用 Trichoderma 的对照组除外。不过，在马铃薯收获一个月后，T. harzianum 的数量有所下降。这种方法为以可持续和环保的方式管理马铃薯土传病害提供了一种潜在的解决方案。Bangladesh Agric.(2023) 27 (1):81-92

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Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture

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