S P Benz, Kevin J Coakley, N. Flowers-Jacobs, Horst Rogalla, W. Tew, J F Qu, D. R. White, C. Gaiser, Alessio Pollarollo, Chiharu Urano
{"title":"Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry","authors":"S P Benz, Kevin J Coakley, N. Flowers-Jacobs, Horst Rogalla, W. Tew, J F Qu, D. R. White, C. Gaiser, Alessio Pollarollo, Chiharu Urano","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad2273","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) is a purely electronic method of thermodynamic thermometry. In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise source (QVNS). The advantages of the method are that it relies entirely on electronic measurements, and it can be used over a wide range of temperatures due to the ability of the QVNS to generate programmable, scalable, and accurate reference signals. The disadvantages are the requirement of cryogenic operation of the QVNS, the need to match the frequency responses of the leads of the sense resistor and the QVNS, and long measurement times. This review collates advice on current best practice for a primary Johnson noise thermometer based on the switched correlator and QVNS. The method achieves an uncertainty of about 1 mK near 300 K and is suited to operation between 4 K and 1000 K.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metrologia","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad2273","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) is a purely electronic method of thermodynamic thermometry. In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise source (QVNS). The advantages of the method are that it relies entirely on electronic measurements, and it can be used over a wide range of temperatures due to the ability of the QVNS to generate programmable, scalable, and accurate reference signals. The disadvantages are the requirement of cryogenic operation of the QVNS, the need to match the frequency responses of the leads of the sense resistor and the QVNS, and long measurement times. This review collates advice on current best practice for a primary Johnson noise thermometer based on the switched correlator and QVNS. The method achieves an uncertainty of about 1 mK near 300 K and is suited to operation between 4 K and 1000 K.
期刊介绍:
Published 6 times per year, Metrologia covers the fundamentals of measurements, particularly those dealing with the seven base units of the International System of Units (metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, mole) or proposals to replace them.
The journal also publishes papers that contribute to the solution of difficult measurement problems and improve the accuracy of derived units and constants that are of fundamental importance to physics.
In addition to regular papers, the journal publishes review articles, issues devoted to single topics of timely interest and occasional conference proceedings. Letters to the Editor and Short Communications (generally three pages or less) are also considered.