Phytochemicals profiling, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, and in silico studies on Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.: A comprehensive approach

IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Mosleh M. Abomughaid, Fatma A. A. El-Shibani, Abdulnaser Kh. Abdulkarim, Amr S. Abouzied, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Ali M. Abomughayedh, Munira M. F. Abdulsayid, Salim Albukhaty, Naema Elrmali, Ali Z. Al-Saffar, Hend A. El-khawaga, Hamdoon A. Mohammed
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Abstract

Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. is a well-known antidiabetic medicinal plant used for several traditional medicine aspects in different areas of the world, including Libya. This study includes phytochemical analysis, antidiabetic evaluation, and in silico studies of the plant, A. iva, growing in Libya. The constituents of the plant were profiled using LC-MS/MS-QTOF analysis, and a total of 28 compounds were tentatively identified, including engeletin, pyrocatechol, eriodyctiol-7-hexoside, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, as major constituents. In addition, the steroidal compounds, i.e., 20-hydroxyecdysone, 24-dehydroprecyasterone, makisterone A, and ajugasterone D, which are considered chemomarkers for the plant, were also annotated by LC-MS analysis. The plant extract induced inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes at IC50 values of 0.18 and 0.12 mg/mL, compared to the IC50 of the standard acarbose at 0.11 and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG, 360.7 mg/dL) levels were significantly reduced by the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic animals with 400 mg/kg (140.5 mg/dl) and 500 mg/kg (112.3 mg/dL) doses of the plant extract. The plant extract also induced a significant (p < 0.01) increase in insulin serum level compared to the untreated diabetic rats; however, the higher dose of the plant induced similar insulin induction compared to glibenclamide. Histopathological examination of the pancreatic and liver tissues indicated that A. iva extract induced regeneration in the islets of Langerhans and liver cells compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Docking analysis demonstrated that eriodyctiol-7-hexoside, echinacoside, and 2″-galloylhyperin showed the lowest binding energies to the target sites of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, indicating their potential role in A. iva antidiabetic bioactivities. The results support the recorded traditional bioactivity of A. iva as an antidiabetic herb, whereas its contents of polyphenols play a major role in the plant’s antidiabetic effect.
Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.的植物化学成分分析、体外和体内抗糖尿病活性以及硅学研究:一种综合方法
Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.是一种著名的抗糖尿病药用植物,在包括利比亚在内的世界不同地区被用于多种传统医药方面。本研究包括对生长在利比亚的 A. iva 植物进行植物化学分析、抗糖尿病评估和硅学研究。利用 LC-MS/MS-QTOF 分析法对该植物的成分进行了分析,共初步鉴定出 28 种化合物,其中主要成分包括烯甘菊素、焦儿茶酚、麦饭石辛二醇-7-己糖苷和 3,4- 二羟基苯甲醛。此外,LC-MS 分析还注释了甾体化合物,即 20-羟基蜕皮激素、24-脱氢蜕皮激素、makisterone A 和 ajugasterone D,这些化合物被认为是该植物的化学标记物。植物提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用的 IC50 值分别为 0.18 和 0.12 mg/mL,而标准阿卡波糖的 IC50 值分别为 0.11 和 0.09 mg/mL。用 400 毫克/千克(140.5 毫克/分升)和 500 毫克/千克(112.3 毫克/分升)剂量的植物提取物治疗链脲佐菌素(STZ)糖尿病动物,可显著降低空腹血糖(FBG,360.7 毫克/分升)水平。与未经处理的糖尿病大鼠相比,植物提取物还能诱导胰岛素血清水平显著增加(p < 0.01);然而,与格列本脲相比,高剂量的植物提取物能诱导相似的胰岛素。胰腺和肝脏组织的组织病理学检查表明,与未经处理的糖尿病大鼠相比,A. iva 提取物可诱导朗格汉斯胰岛细胞和肝细胞再生。Docking 分析表明,麦角辛二醇-7-己糖苷、棘果苷和 2″-galloylhyperin 与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶靶位点的结合能最低,表明它们在 A. iva 抗糖尿病生物活性中的潜在作用。这些结果支持了 A. iva 作为一种抗糖尿病药草所具有的传统生物活性,而其多酚类物质的含量在该植物的抗糖尿病效果中发挥了重要作用。
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来源期刊
Open Chemistry
Open Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
4.30%
发文量
90
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Open Chemistry is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research, reviews and short communications in the fields of chemistry in an ongoing way. The central goal is to provide a hub for researchers working across all subjects to present their discoveries, and to be a forum for the discussion of the important issues in the field. The journal is the premier source for cutting edge research in fundamental chemistry and it provides high quality peer review services for its authors across the world. Moreover, it allows for libraries everywhere to avoid subscribing to multiple local publications, and to receive instead all the necessary chemistry research from a single source available to the entire scientific community.
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